562 
ECHINODBRMATA. 
P., = eridanella ; E. clouei^ P., = gracilis^ M. Tr. ; “ OpMdiaster ’^ (?) 
vestitus is also an Echinaster^ while E. ornata belongs to Cribellct {Hen- 
ricia, Gr.), which genus also occurs at New Zealand and Campbell 
Island. 
Valvaster^ g. n. Spines isolated ; arms bordered by a row of largo 
valvulate pedicellaria. V. striatus (Lmk.) 
In Mithrodia, Gr., (Heresaster, M. Tr.), only one species is acknow- 
ledged : M. clavigera, Lmk. (= spinulosa^ Gr., ecMnulata^ M. Tr., papil- 
losa, Mich.). 
Liaster coriaceus, Pet., is identified with OpMdiaster leacM^ Gr., 0. 
flacida^ Ltk., with guildingiy Gr., aspefulus, Ltk., with cylindricus^ Lmk., 
granifer^ Ltk., with pusillus, M. Tr. Tamaria, Cistina^ and Dactylo- 
saster^ Gr., are merged into OpMdiaster. 0. cMnensis, sp. n., p. 387 
(Canton) j germani, sp. n., p. 394 (New Caledonia). 
Linchia nicobarica, Ltkf, = pacijica, Gr. ; 0. omithopus, Val., = Z. 
guildingij Gr. (also from the Cape Verde Islands) ; 0. suturalis, M. Tr., 
L. bifascialisj Gr., = L. unifascialis, Gr. ; L. typus and leacM, Gr., = 
L. multifora, Lmk. L. bouvieri, sp. n., p. 414 (Cape Verde Islands) ; 
L. nodosa, sp. n., p. 417 (hab. unknown). 
Scy taster- zodiacalis and “ 0 reaster” desjardinsi, Mich., = S. cegyptia- 
cus (Gr.) ; Narcissia teneriffce, Gr., = S. canariensis, D’Orb. ; Nar- 
cissia and Nardoa, Gr. (= GomopMa, Gr.) are retained as sections of 
Scytaster, S.novce-caledonice, p. 426, and S. gomopMa, p. 431, spp. nn., 
(New Caledonia) ; S. obtusus, sp. n., p. 433 (Philippines). S. pistorius, 
M. Tr., = Fromia milleporella, Lmk. ; S. milleporellus, M..Tr., = E. 
monilis, Val. S. indicus also is a Fromia, and S. subtilis, Ltk.^ a Metro- 
dira. F. balansoe, sp. n., p. 442 (New Caledonia). 
Sars’s monograph of Brisinga coronota (11) is a very complete and 
excellently illustrated descriptive and anatomical account of this rare 
and remarkable type of Starfishes. After a general description of its 
external physiognomy, the different systems of organs are discussed 
(“organology’’); the ambulacral skeleton of the arms and of the disc, 
the cuticular system (with the spines and the extremely numerous 
minute pedicellariae, which are found profusely and in every degree of 
development on the soft investment of the brachial spines), the ambu- 
lacral vessels and feet, the madreporic body, and the “stone-canal,” 
connecting the former with the vascular ring ; the muscular and ner- 
vous system with the blood-carrying sinuses ; the problematic “ heart,” 
which possibly connects the circular sinus with the perivisceral cavity, 
which contains the true, water-mixed blood (sanguiferous vessels, 
arteries, &c., were not found, and their existence in starfishes is 
doubted) ; the organ of sense (smell ?), a modified unpaired ambulacral 
foot at the tip of each arm, protected in a peculiar manner by plates 
and spines (no eyes are present) ; the radial coeca, filled with an oily 
chyle, and the closed digestive cavity ; the dorsal pore is (probably also 
in other starfishes) no true vent, only a pore leading into a secretory 
organ (rectal gland) ; the spermaries, or ovaries, are placed in the 
thickened portion of the arms, and communicate with the exterior 
