ANTHOZOA. 
557 
Anatomy, Evolution, &c. 
The annual growth of Madrepore branches in the Florida Gulf is only 
3^-4 inches per annum ; Leconte (4). 
Duncan (I) confirms, in the main, Rotteken’s investigations of the 
“bourses marginales,” or coloured eye-like bodies of Actinia mesemhry- 
anthemum^ after the examination of living specimens ; and, having dis- 
covered beneath them a reticulate tissue, probably corresponding to a 
plexus nervosus, he interprets these organs as imperfect organs of vision, 
which do not give a distinct image of the objects, but conduct the sense 
of light more intensively to a greater depth into the body and nearer to 
the presumed nervous tissue than is possible when these peculiarly dif- 
ferentiated organs are wanting. This reticulate nerve-like tissue was 
also found in the foot of Actinice. Lud'WIG (7), on the other hand, em- 
phatically denies the truth of these interpretations ; Rotteken’s pre- 
sumed nervous tissue is only the “ filaments of the connective tissue,” 
the “ Rotteken-bodies ” firticating cells, the “lenses” or “Haimean 
bodies ” probably nuclei of epithelial cells, the external rod-like layer 
cilia [!], the chromatophores only modified "tentacles ; their histological 
structure not essentially different from that of the ordinary skin. Hac- 
kee (5)j p. 7, also rejects the interpretation of these bodies as organs of 
sense. 
Fischer (2) has observed spontaneous fission or marginal gemmation 
in Anemonia sulcata^ and Sagartia pellucida and ignea. In 20 European 
species of Actinidccy the number of tentacles in each cycle is 6, or a mul- 
tiple of 6; in 11, 8 is the typical number; there are 10 and 11 each in 
a single species ; and in a few others the numbers are either apparently 
combinations of two formulae or undetermined. 
From his observations on the embryology of Actinice^ Kowalewsky (6) 
draws the conclusion that they are developed after two different types ; 
in the one, the endoderm and the body-cavity are formed through an 
invagination of the blastoderm ; in the other, the endoderm is formed 
through a division of the blastodermic cells, and the body-cavity from the 
cavity of segmentation. All species ot Actinid are not viviparous; in 
A . parasitica, e. g. (in which species the whole process of segmentation 
was observed), the egg is fertilized outside the body of the mother. * 
Thanvolution of Monoxenia is sketched by Hackel (5), pp. 11 & 12. 
WiLLEMOES-SuHM (9) figures some young stages of an antarctic TJm- 
hellularia, with 3 and 4 polypites. 
Faunae, Genera, and Species. 
Cavelier de Cavenille, “La peche du corail sur les c6tes de PAl- 
g^rie.’^ Nancy : 71 pp. 
Seven species of Corals were collected by the “ Hassler ” Expedition at 
the Galapagos Islands (8), mostly identical with those found at Panama 
{Ulangia, Pavonia, Astropsammia, Pocillopora, Porites), mostly reef- 
builders, but probably here living isolated. 
A beautiful picture of a living coral-reef is published by Hackel (5), 
