ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
35 
Alix, E. Memoire sur I’Ost^ologie et la Myologie du Nothura major. 
J. Zool. iii. pp. 167-214, 252-282, pis. viii.-xi. 
The skeleton has been examined in detail, free references to Prof. Par- 
ker’s labours being made. There is a brief comparison of Mamihalian and 
Reptilian structural points, followed by those of birds generally and more 
fully. The muscular structures have received great attention, and to these 
the illustrations are devoted. The myological characters of Nothura are 
indicated as — 1. An external humeral division of the biceps. 2. The dis- 
position of the bands going to the 6th and 6th dorsal spinous processes. 
3. A coracoidean fascicle of the subscapularis inserted upon the supra- 
episternal ephiphysis. 4. Division of the flexor tendon of the terminal 
phalanx of the 2nd digit carried over the pollex. Other muscular and 
tendinous dispositions of the pectoral region and limbs, belong partly to 
those of the Struthiones and partly to those of the Gallinre, Columhee, 
liallidce, &c. From these anatomical facts, the author agrees with the 
usually accepted opinion that the Tinamous form a group siii generis, but 
with diverse affinities. \_Tinamidfe.~\ 
Bernhardt, M. Ueber den Zuckerstich bei Vogeln. Arch. Anat. Phys. 
lix. pp. 407-413. 
Details some experiments with reference to the effects of puncturing 
the medtdla oblongata in Pigeons. With obvious deviations and occa- 
sional negative results, the author’s researches partly confirm those of 
Bernard and Schieff. Bitds differ somewhat from Mammals as to the 
results of this lesion, digestion being arrested, besides formation of sugar 
in liver and kidneys. 
CouES, E. Birds of the North-West ymiea, p. 31]. 
The Osteology of the Laridm and other anatomical data concerning 
these and the families of North American Birds, will be found dispersed 
throughout this work. 
Dareste, C. Memoire sur I’origine et le mode de formation des mon- 
stres doubles. Arch. Z. exper. iii. pp. 73-118. 
A summary of the laws tending to the production of double monstro- 
sities, based on previous researches, chiefly on the common Fowl. The 
author’s formula is to the effect that double monsters among the Ver- 
tebrate animals result always by a soldering or fusion, more or less com- 
plete, of two embryos produced upon a single cicatricula. 
Eyton, T. C. List of plates of skeletons of birds that have been 
published. Wellington : 1874, 12mo, pp. 1-15. 
This list is very imperfectly put together, and is by no means a com- 
plete record. 
Gar ROD, A. H. On certain Muscles of Birds and their Value in Classi- 
fication. (Part II.) P.'Z. S. 1874, pp. 111-123, pi. xvii. 
The author adopts symbols expressive of the presence of certain mus- 
cles, and, by putting these into a myological formula, he arranges the 
groups of birds in circles ; the affinities being derived from likeness, and 
the possession or want of these muscles. With 1 6 possible combinations, 
he finds there are 8 types of thigh muscular arrangemefits. The femoro- 
