GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
119 
GEOaRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
a. Land and Fresh-water Mollusca. 
1. Northern and Central Europe. 
G. Jager, in “ Deutschlands Thierwelt” (Stutfcg<art: 1874, 2 vols. 
gr. 8vo), in which the animals are arranged according to the different 
localities in which they are found, refers to Mollusks as follows: — 
vol. i. p. 94, larvae of beetles found in snail shells ; p. 101, snails of 
mountainous counties ; pp. 288 & 314, those of the woods ; p. 382, those 
of plantations and hedges ; ii. p, 39, snails of the open soil ; p. 57, those 
found between and under stones; p. 116, those living on stone walls; 
p. 222, in cellars ; p. 271, fresh-water shells found between water-plants ; 
pp. 333 & 339, fresh-water bivalves. 
Courland. 110 land and fresh-water shells observed by Berg; CB. 
Ver. Riga, xx. (1873) p. 105. 
Island of Bornholm. 41 terrestrial and 31 fresh-water species enume- 
rated by 0. M. PouLSEN, Vid. Medd. 1873, Nos. 13 & 14 [really in 1874] 
pp. 189-201 ; of these, 15 and 14 respectively are spread throughout the 
island, 12 and 9 are peculiar to the granitic, and 14 and 11 to the other part 
of the island. Clausilia plicata (Drap.) is very common. Piipa umhilicata 
may also be mentioned. The genus Anodonta is represented, but neither 
Unio, Amphipeplea^ or Dreissena are found, which may bo accounted for 
by the want of large lakes and rivers. 
Holstein. W. Fack enumerates 59 terrestrial and 40 fresh-water 
species observed by him in the northern part of that province. Schr. 
Ver. Schlesw. Holst, i. pp. 273-276. 
Some shells collected at Hamburg^ by H. Petersen, Nachr. mal. Ges. 
1874, p. 13, and Verb. Ver. nat. Unterh. Hamb. i. p. 166. 
H. V. Maltzan-Federow answers Wiechmann’s critical remarks 
[Zool. Rec. X. p. 130] in a somewhat vague manner. Arch. Ver. Meck- 
lenb. xxviii. pp. 108-110. 
A. Krause enumerates 44 terrestrial and 37 aquatic species of 
Molhisca found near Bromherg, province Posen. It results from this list, 
that the malacological fauna of that part of ancient Poland, hitherto 
unexplored, agrees very well with that of Germany ; but it is very re- 
markable that Helix nemoralis and hortensis are replaced by H. austriaca 
(Miihlf.), as in a large part of South Eastern Europe. JB. mal. Ges. i. 
pp. 59-64. Some additions in Nachr. mal. Ges. 1874, p. 74. 
44 terrestrial and 42 aquatic species of Mollusks found near 
Magdeburg enumerated by O. Reinhardt. Abh. Ver. Magdeb. vi. 
pp. 19-34. 
Hartz. 57 species of terrestrial and 44 of fresh- water Mollusks 
observed,- chiefly on calcareous soil and in woods, much rarer in the 
mountains of permian formation (Zechstein) and in pine forests, by 
RudO'W, Z. ges. Naturw. (2) v. (1873) pp. 202-223. 
Some land-shells found among juniper berries collected in Thuringia 
are enumerated by Wiegmann, Nachr. mal. Ges. 1874, p. 51. 
