122 
M0LLU8CA. 
Limncea stagnalis, and a new species noticed in/rd have been found. 
Bull. Soc. Vaud. xiii. No. 72. See also Verb. schw. Ges. 1874. 
2 . Southern Europe. 
Some land-shells collected in Carniola, at Trieste^ Varna, and in Wal- 
lachia, are enumerated by G. F. Jickei.i, Nuchr. mal. Ges. 1874, 
pp. 8-11. 
Land-shells found among juniper -berries collected in Italy by Wieq- 
MANN, tom. cit. p. 52. 
3 . Northern Africa. 
A. Mousson has enumerated and described the land and fresh-water 
Mollusks collected by Dr. v. Fritsch and Dr. Rein in the western part 
of Morocco, and some advanced valleys of the Atlas. They consist of 
38 terrestrial, 12 fresh- water, and 4 submarine species, in all 54 ; 13 
among them are widely spread on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, 
15 occur also in Algeria or in Southern Spain, 26 appear peculiar to 
Morocco, but more or less resemble known Spanish or Algerian species ; 
there is no peculiar approach to the Canarian fauna nor to that of 
Tropical Africa. JB. mal. Ges. i. pp. 1-lG, 81-107, pis. i., iv. & v. 
A. Hanoteau and A. Letourneux have published a geographical 
work, “ La Kabylie et les coutumes Kabyles” (Paris : 1873, 2 vols. 1085 
pp. 8vo.), in which the latter discusses (vol. i. p. 212) the malacological 
fauna, enumerating 106 terrestrial and 24 fresh- water species, including 
Pupa avenacea and penchinatiana new for Northern Africa, and some 
species new for science. 
Some fresh- water shells found in the Oases of the Lyhian desert by Prof. 
Ascherson and Zittel are mentioned by E. v. Martens, SB. Nat. Fr. 
1874, pp. 63-65. They are : — Ampullaria ovata, var., Lanistes carinatus, 
Melania tuherculata, Physa -contorta, and Limncea natalensis. The only 
land-shell found by these travellers is Dulimus pullus (Gray) ; tom. cit. 
pp. 65 & 66. 
O. JiCKELi has published a very valuable treatise on the land and 
fresh-water shells of North Eastern Africa, founded on his own researches 
in Egypt and on the North Eastern borders of Abyssinia^ and on all 
available materials in several continental public and private collections. 
He enumerates 197 species (107 terrestrial, 18 submarine, and 72 fresh- 
water). Concerning the terrestrial species, Egypt belongs to the Medi- 
terranean province, and agrees to a remarkable degree more with Syria 
than Algeria ; the true African fauna begins in Sennaar, many species 
are common with Western and South Eastern Africa, and still more will 
probably be found, as all these countries are as yet very incompletely 
explored, especially as regards the smaller species. Abyssinia has no 
land shell identical with any European species, but several very nearly 
allied to them ; in the higher regions, from 7000 to 10,000 foot, only 
species of Buccinea and small Helix [^Punctum], and a new Clausilia, 
have been found ; the region of the chandelier-like Euphorhice, 3500 to 
5000 feet, is the home of some characteristic large species of Vitrina and 
