GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
125 
New Caledonia. New land and fresh-water shells by Crosse ; J. de 
Conch, xxii. pp. 97-112, 180-186, 387-396, pis. ii., iv., xii. ; and by Gas- 
SIES, tom. cit. pp. 207-216, 373-387. 
Polynesia. New species of land shells by A. Garrett, P. Ac. Philad. 
1873, p. 237. 
8. North America. 
I. Lea has described and figured no less than 58 so-called new species 
from the United States, and some Melaniidce, in vol. xiii. of his Observa- 
tions on the Unionidm^ and J. Ac. Philad. viii. 1. 
J. G. Cooriui illustrates the geographical distribution of the banded 
Californian land shells {Helix, group Arionta and Lysinoc), by two small 
maps ; P. Cal. Ac. v. pp. 121-124, pis. vii. & viii. 
The land and fresh-water shells of La Salle County, Illinois, are the 
subject of a somewhat popular treatise by W. W. Calkins, P. Ottawa Ac. 
1874, 48 pp. 1 pi. Hyalina viridula (Menke) = electrina (Gould), H. 
fulva (Drap.) = cliersina (Say), and Pliysa hypnoruin (L.), may be men- 
tioned as circumpolar species living in this country. 
9. Tropical and South America. 
The fourth part of Fischer & Crosse’s “ llltudes sur les Mollusques 
terrestres et fluviatiles du Mexique et de I’Amerique centrale,” discussea^ 
the genera Cylindrella, 10 sp., Macroceramus, 3 sp., and Orthalioxis, 10 sp, 
Many valuable statements and corrections concerning the localities 
of West Indian shells are made by Bland, Ann. Lyc. N. York, xi. 
pp. 72-87. 
Ilayti. On some land shells ; Crosse, J. de Conch, xxii. pp. 82-89, 
pi. hi. 
Martinique. Thirty-four terrestrial, 10 fresh-water, and 7 submarine 
species of shells enumerated, with observations on their occurrence and 
the colours of the living animals, by H. Maz^:, tom. cit. pp. 158-173 (see 
also Crosse, tom. cit. pp. 118 & 202). 
The land and fresh-water shells of the middle and southern parts of 
the states of La Plata are the subject of a valuable little work by 
P. Strobel, from his own observations; he enumerates 19 terrestrial 
and 28 aquatic species, with exact observations concerning their geo- 
graphical, geognostical, and hypsometrical occurrence, and other inter- 
esting points. Limax variegatus (Drap.) is acclimatized in Buenos 
Ayres, where it lives chiefly in wells. Helix lactea (Miill.), around the 
town, lives on acclimatized European plants. Unio patdgonicus (Orb.) 
is used generally as food by the natives. South of the Rio Negro, in 
Patagonia, only the following species have been found: Bulimus 
sporadicus, Succinea meridionalis and chiloensis, Planorbis peregrinus, 
Limnma viator, Chilina puelcTia and tehuelcha, Hydrohia australis, Ano- 
donta puelchana, and Unio patagonicus. Orbigny, on the contrary, has 
termed Patagonian species also those which live at Bahia Blanca, in 
38-39^ lat. South. An abstract in Nachr. mal. Ges. ii. pp. 268-275. 
