130 
MOLLUSCA. 
of Scandinavia, Cionella luhrica (Miill.), as large as now in Lapland, and 
Helix nemoralis, showing that this species is not of late introduction 
in Scandinavia and Northern Germany, The only species which is not 
known in the recent fauna is Helix adela^ sp. n., very near pulchella 
(Mull.), from a submarine peat-moor 'near Ystad (p. 57). 
Two species of Helix found in amber, described btit not named by 
KCnovv, Schr. Gos. Koiiigsb. xiii. (1873) p. 150. 
Recent land and sea shells, found in post-pliocene beds at Kiel mingled 
with decidedly older fossils, are enumerated by Vincent, P.-v. Mai. 
Belg. 1874, pp. xiv.-xvii. 
A list of land and fresh-water shells found in beds of marly clay at 
Koeckelberg, valley of the Senne, Belgium, all agreeing with recent species, 
is given and described by Bauwens; tom. cit. pp. cciii.-ccvi. 
The shells found in tufa quarries near the Ammersoe, in South 
Bavaria, which probably formed, after the glacial period, a part of the sea 
itself, have been examined by S. Clessin ; the majority of the species 
are the same as those now living in that lake ; but some, as Paludina 
vivipara, now very common, have not yet been found in the tufa, and a few 
others are somewhat changed, for example, a Limnexa^ allied to rosea 
(Gallenstein), and Yalvata alpestris (Blauner) in the tufa, and V.contorta 
(Menke) in the lake. Nadir, mal Ges. 1874, pp. 49-55. 
On the shells of peat-moors, by Clessin, see above, p. 121. 
The form of Helix Jiispida^ L., so very common in the alluvial layers 
called ‘ Loss ’ in Southern Germany, is regarded as a distinct species and 
named H. terrena, sp. n., by S. Clessin ; Nachr. mal. Ges. 1874, pp. 46 
& 47. 
Shells of the chalk formation in Galicia are described, with syno- 
nymy, by St. Zaueczni, in Sprawozdanio Koniisyi Fizyograficznoj, <&c., 
Krdkow, viii. pp. (99)-(183), pis. i. & ii. St. Olszewski, tom. cit. 
pp. (212)-(252), describes shells of the miocene. 
An important treatise on the fossil land and fresh -water shells of 
Dalmatia^ Croatia, and Sclavonia by Sp. Bkusina may be here mentioned. 
This was first published in the Croatian language in the Transactions of 
the South Sclavonian Academy of Sciences at Agram, xxviii. (1874), and 
then also in German as a separate volume of 138 pp., 8vo, with 7 good 
plates ; it contains 139 species, among which 13 are still living in the 
same countries, 4 in other parts of Southern Europe ; the majority of 
the extinct are clearly allied to recent European, others to Chinese and 
North American, species. Numerous species of Paludina, Melanopsis, 
and Unio, most of them with well marked sculpture, are charac- 
teristic of the pliocene layers of these countries. The recent species, 
Melanopsis esperi, preerosa, and acicularis, are found as early as in 
miocene beds. Helix pomatia is said to have been found as a fossil in a 
pliocene layer, but only one specimen, so that a certain amount of doubt 
is suggested. Dreissena polyniorplia (Pall.) is already known to occur in 
miocene beds. 
Subfossil shells in the West Indian Islands of larger size than their 
living analogues ; Bland, Ann. Lyc. N. York, xi. pp. 77 & 78. Hyalina 
nehoni, sp. n., subfossil in caverns, Bermuda Islands, 1. c. p. 77. 
