GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
181 
h. Marine Molhfsca. 
W. KoiiET/r gives an interesting list of fossil shells collected by 
himself at Taranto (most of them agreeing with recent species of the 
Mediterranean ; one new, Bulla amaliod) ; JB. mal. Gres. i. pp. 65-77, 
pi. iii. figs. 1 & 2. 
L. Bellardi’s valuable treatise, “I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del 
Piemonte e della Liguria,’” Atti Acc. Tor, (2) xxvii. (1873) pp. 33-294, 
pis. i.-xv., may be mentioned here. It comprises the Cephalopods, 
Pteropods, Heteropods, and the families Miiricidcc and Tritoniidm [^Ranel- 
lid(c'] among the Gastropods, and discusses many species still living in 
the Mediterranean. 
G. F. Matthew lias published “Notes on the post-pliocene formation 
in Acadia” ; abstracted in P.-v. Mal. Belg. 1874, pp. clvi.-clxiii. 
Contemporaneous Changes of Fauna. 
Helix lactea (MiilL), naturalized at Buenos Ayres, found on accli- 
matized plants, and Limax variegatus (Drap.), in the same town, in store 
houses, wells, &c., very probably introduced ; Strobed, Malac. Argent, 
pp. 13-15 & 8. 
Helix virgata (Montagu) from Foul Point, N. W. Australia, possibly 
introduced; Edgar Smith, Moll. Voy. Ereb. & Terr. p. 2, pi. iv. 
fig. 15. 
Tichogonia cTiemnitzi \_Dreissena polymorphd] acclimatized in the Upper 
Danube, near Regensburg; Clessin, Nachr. mal. Ges. 1874, p. 87. 
TJnio tumidus (Retz) found in a channel at Barton ; Hardy, Pr. Soc. 
Manch. xii. p. 117. 
Use hy Man. 
A popular lecture on purple and pearls has been published by E. v. 
Martens in the “ Sammlung gemeinverstandlicher wissenschaftlicher 
Vortrage,” edited by Yirchow & Holtzendorff, series ix. pt. 214. Murex 
brandaris^ trunculus (L.), and Purpura li(miastoma (L.) in the Medi- 
terranean, P. lapillus (L.) in the North Sea, and another species of 
Purpura on the west coast of Central America, are the principal species 
which have yielded purple in former times for the use of man ; as to 
pearls, Avicula {Meleagrina) margaritifera (L.) and several allied species 
or varieties in tropical seas, Margaritana margaritifera (L.) in the 
streamlets of the northern half of Europe, Barhala plicata (Solander) 
in the streams of Central Asia, and some undetermined species of Unio 
in those of North America, are or wore tho chief producers. The phy- 
siology of both classes and the history of their use are shoi tly sketched. 
Franceschi treats of Egyptian mother-of-pearl, its fishing, and trade, 
in a work entitled, “ Volkswirthschaftliche Studien liber Alexandrien ” 
(Wien : 1873), p. 241. 
Some notes on the pearl oysters of the Persian Gulf by E. v. Martens, 
Yorder-Asiat. Conchyl. pp. 102 & 103. 
R. Stearns gives an account of the shell money of the aboriginal 
