BRACHIOPODA. 
193 
Contributions to Faunas. 
K. Mobius enumerates 2 Brachiopods, Terehratala \Rhifncliomlla\ 
psittacea and T. cranium (Miill.), and Kirciienpauer 26 species of 
Bryozoa, found by the second German Arctic Expedition on the east 
coast of Greenland, between 73^ & 75^ N. latitude. Zweite deutsche 
Nordpolarfahrt, ii. pt. 7, p. 253, and pt. 12, pp. 417-428. 
Cynthia echinata (Mull.) from Nova Zembla, C. prunum (Miill.) and 
Didemnum roseum (Chiaje) from Arctic Norway ; Elders, SB. Ges 
Erlang, v. [1873] p. 7. 
W. E. Macintosh gives a list of Tunicata and Bolyzoa observed at 
St. Andrews ; Ann. N. H. (4) xiii. pp. 302-315. 
A. E. Verrill gives lists of Brachiopoda, Tunicata, and Bolyzoa 
dredged on the coasts of New England; Am. J. Sci. (3) v. pp. 14, 101 
vii. pp. 39-41, 43, 44, 46, 135, 409, 413 & 504. J. F. Whiteaves, tom, cit. 
p. 212, noiQB Bolyzoa ivom the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
Lacaze-Duthiers discusses the simple Ascidians of the coasts of 
France ; Arch. Z. exp^r. iii. pp. 530-656, 15 pis. 
W. Ball names two known species of Brachiopoda and three of 
Tunicata, from the Behring Sea ; P. Cal. Ac. Fob. 1 874. 
The Bryozoa collected by Count S. F. de Pourtalcs during his deep- 
sea dredgings in the Straits of Florida, are the subject of an important 
treatise by F. A. Smitt, which the Recorder regrets very much not to 
have seen. 
Some Brachiopoda and Tunicata and many Bolyzoa, from the Pacific 
and Australia, with exact localities, are enumerated in the 5th Catalogue 
of the Museum Godelfroy, Hamburg, pp. 181-184. 
Terehratella riihicunda, Rhynchonella nigricans in shallow water to 
5 fathoms, T. cruenta, Waldheimia lenticularis , Kraussia lamarcJciana, 
and Magas cumingi to 100 fathoms, living on the coast of New Zealand. 
J. Haast, Verb. geol. Reichsanst. 1874, pp. 253-255. 
BRACHIOPODA. 
The researches of A. O. Kowalewsky afford a complete account of 
the development of Argiope neapolitana (Scacchi) and Thecidium medi- 
terraneum (Risso), and several valuable facts as to the development of 
other Brachiopods. The first formation of the embryo offers a remark- 
able difference between Argiope and lliecidium, as in the former 
the inner cavity is formed by invagination of the blastoderm, and 
in the latter by interstitial cleaving. Terehratula and Terehratulina 
appear to agree with Argiope in this respect. The further develop- 
ment is analogous in all of them ; the larva has three segments, the 
foremost, or head, provided with four eyes in Argiope and Thecidium, 
the second, with four tufts of bristles, which are afterwards thrown 
away, and the last serving for fixing the animal. After fixture, the 
mantle and shell are produced from the second segment. The arms 
1874. [voii. XI.] 0 
