194 
MOLLUSCOIDA. 
make their first appearance in the shape of several (generally ten) 
hollow appendages, disposed in a circle. Nachr. Ges. Mosc. xiv. 40 pp. 
5 pis. 
E. Morse has continued his researches on the development of the 
Brachiopods, and succeeded in connecting the free-swimming ciliated 
larva and the attached bivalve animal by observations on Terebra- 
tulina septentrionalis (Couth.), at Eastport, Maine. The' larva in 
this genus is eyeless, and fixes itself at a very early stage, still 
exhibiting three distinct segments and no trace of shell : it is only 
after fixture that the middle or thoracic segments expand into a 
dorsal and a ventral fold, giving origin to the mantle and shell. 
Mem. Bost. Soc. ii. pp. 249-264, pis. viii. & ix. The same author 
endeavours (in a somewhat oxtcudod paper) to show that “in 
every point of their structure, the Brachiopoda are true worms, with 
possibly some affinities to the Crustacea, and that they have no 
relations to the Mollusca, save what many other worms may possess in 
common with them.” \_Cf. Zool. Bee. vii. p. 181, viii. p. 174.] Ho points 
out a number of characters in which the majority of Worms and 
Mollusks differ, and Brachiopods approach the latter (e. g., the 
perfect lateral symmetry); and some remarkable similarities between 
the Brachiopods and distinct orders of Worms, such , as the 
extended vascular system with red blood, the chitinous appendages, 
and several points in the embryology. Others are evidently of minor 
importance, as the fabrication of tubes by agglutination of sand in 
Lingula^ &c. P. Bost. Soc. xv. pp. 315-375, with numerous figures. 
Some critical remarks on this paper, by Verrill, Am. J. Sci. (3) vii. 
pp. 154-158. 
The known recent species (104) of Brachiopoda are enumerated by 
W. Ball ; P. Ac. Philad. 1873, p. 177. 
Terehratula frontalis (Midd.) found in North Japan, 35 fathoms ; 
Davidson, J. L. S. xii. p. 109. 
Terehratula cernica (Crosse) ; Crosse, J. do Conch, xxii. p. 75, pi. i. 
fig. 3, Mauritius. 
Platidia davidsoni (Deslongch.) from Cape Breton, Landes : concho- 
logical and anatomical observations by P. Fischer, Act. Soc. L. Bord. 
xxix. pp. 170-172. 
Lingula jaspidea and Icpuhda (A. Ad.) = anatina (Brug.) yarr. ; 
Lischko, Jap. Moor. Conch, iii. p. 115, pi. ix. figs, 20-24, from Japan. 
TUNIOATA. 
The development of Molgula and the “ amoeboid ” movements 
of the larva, described by Lacaze-Dutiiiers, Arch. Z. exper. iii. 
p. 643. 
The development of Amaurcecium proliferum (M. E.) and Didemnum 
styliferum, sp. n., has boon observed by A. O. Kowalewsky. In the 
former, the new buds come from the post-abdomen of the mother 
animal, which is separated from the abdomen and dissolved by 
