EMBliyOLOQY, CONTRIBUTIONS TO FAUNAS. 
201 
Ludwig, Arb. Inst. Wiirzb. pts. v. & vi. pp. 379-401, = Verb. Ges. Wiirzb. 
(2) vii.‘ pp. 125-147. The eggs of Apus and Sacculina are described from 
personal observations, and figured, pis. xiii. figs. 11 & 12, xiv. figs. 13-16; 
the author, in opposition to a statement made by Siebold, ascertains by 
several measurements, that in the former the mass of yelk in the egg 
when just laid is not greater than when still within the follicle of the 
ovary. In the Crustacea, the egg is always a simple cell, but of largo 
growth. The author also corroborates the opinion of E. van Beneden, 
Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xxviii. 1869, xxix. 1870, and chiefly M(im. cour. Ac. 
Bclg. xxxiv. 1870, that two essential parts of the ovary are locally sepa- 
rate, one for the origin of the eggs themselves, the germinal part (Keim- 
stock), and another for the production of the chief mass of the yelk 
(Dotterstock) ; the latter is only the lower part of the ovary, in which 
the more advanced eggs are to be found, but this advance in development 
is independent of that part of the ovary, and the latter is quite different 
from what is called by the same name (Dotterstock) in the Trematoda. 
Follicles in the ovary are found only in the order Decapoda, and in 
the genus Apus. The elements of the yelk are often of remarkable 
size in the Crustacea, and of various colours. The egg cell is surrounded 
by a vitelline membrane, and generally also by a secondary envelope 
secreted by special glands. 
Spermatozoids of Carcinus mamas and their development described by 
P. Hallez, C. R. Ixxix. pp. 243-246 ; those of Maia squinado and Ho- 
marus vulgaris, by Brocciii, tom. cit. pp. 855 & 856 ; of other Crustacea, 
by A. Sanders, M. Micr. J. xi. pp. 104-109, pis. liv. & Iv. (pt.). 
A. Stuxberg describes the larval stages of several Decapods, most of 
them observed shortly before hatching, viz. : — Stenorhynchus rostratus 
(L.), Carcinus mcenas (L.), Portunus depurator (L.), Galatea intermedia 
(Lillj.), Ilippolyte varians (Leach), and Palccmon squilla (L.). (Efv. Ak. 
Forh. 1873, part 9 (issued 1874), 23 pp. 1 pi. 
G. O. Sars describes the development of the Norwegian lobster, the 
three stages of which agree fully with those observed by S. Smith 
in the American lobster [Zool. Rec. x. p. 184]. Overs. Dan. Selsk. 
1874, 27 pp. 2 pis. 
The embryology of Astacus fluviatilis and Palcemon sp. is the subject 
of a careful treatise by N. W. Bobretzky (in Russian). Sapisky Kiew 
Nat. iii. (1873); abstract, JB. Anat. Physiol, ii. (1873) pi. 312-318. 
The embryology of Oniscus murarius, Guv. {^asellus, L.], is described 
(in Russian) by the same author in the report of the meeting of Russian 
naturalists at Kasan in 1873, also in Z. wiss. Zool. xxiv. pp. 179-203, 
pis. xxi. & xxii. The development agrees in many respects with that 
of the Decapoda. 
Contributions to Faunas. 
R. Buciiholz has published a very elaborate account of the Crustacea 
found by the second German Arctic Expedition at or near the eastern 
coast of Greenland, with beautiful plates ; they are 55 species, 
comprising 13 macrurous Decapods, 27 Amphipods, 3 Bopyrids 
