THR GENERAL SUBJECT. 
241 
Le Baron, W. Fourth Annual Report on the Noxious and Beneficial 
Insects of the State of Illinois. Springfield, U. S. A.; 1874, 8vo, 
pp.j.-xviii. 1-199, figs. 1-94. 
This Report is practically a complete introduction to the study of 
Coleoptera, having a second title, “Outlines of Entomology, published in 
connection with the author’s Annual Reports upon Injurious Insects. 
Part first. Including the Order of Coleoptera.” It contains a systematic 
index, synopsis of tribes, catalogue of authors, especially on N. American 
beetles, glossary of terms, and index to genera, &c. General observations 
on insects, and their internal and external structure, collecting and pre- 
serving, &c., form th6 introduction. The Coleoptera are discussed by 
families, and typical species are figured, with essential structural points 
in detail. The work seems well adapted for its purpose. 
Lowne, B. T. On the structure of the mouths of Insects. Sci. Goss. 
1874, pp. 107-110, figs. 76-81. 
Continues the observations mentioned in Zool. Rec. x. p. 218. 
Muller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers by Insects. Nature, ix. 
pp. 44-40, 104-166, figs. 15-31 ; x. pp. 129 & 130, figs. 32-40. 
In continuation of former papers on the like subject. 
NowicivT, M. Beobachtungen fiber der Landwirthschaft schadliche 
Thiere in Galizien im Jahre 1873. Verb. z.-b. Wien, xxiv. 
pp. 355-370. 
Observations on the economy, &c., of insects attacking Triticum^ Se- 
cale cereale^ Hordeum^ Zea^ Phleum pratense, Brassica oleracea, Tri- 
folium pratense, Napiis oleifera^ Allium^ Vida faha^ Pyrus malus, 
Primus (iomestica, cerasus, and padus, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus, Betula 
alba, Alnus, Carpinus, Populus, and Salir. [See also Galicia, infra, 
p.245.] 
OusTALET, E. Recherclies sur les Insectes fossiles des terrains ter- 
tiaires de la France. (These presentee a la Faculte des Sciences.) 
Paris : 1874, 8vo, pp. 556, pi. i.-xii. 
Reviewed Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) iv. p. cxci. The work discusses: — I. 
Fossil insects of Auvergne {Coleoptcra, Orthoptera, Nciiroptcra, Ifymeno- 
ptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera ; 45 species, many new, in 20 known genera) ; 
II. Fossil insects, especially Coleoptera, of Aix, in Provence (84 species 
described and figured, of which 54 are new, in 51 genera; including 
Erinys, g. n., of Pmderides \_EHnnys, Schrank, Lepidoptera, 1801 ; J. 
Thomson, Coleoptera, 1857]). 
Packard, Jr., A. S. On the distribution and primitive number of 
Spiracles in Insects. Am. Nat. viii. pp. 531-534. 
From observations upon various Lepidoptera , 1 1 ymeuoptera, Coleoptera, 
TIemiptera, and Orthoptera, and upon Corydaliis, it would appear that whih 
no more than 10 pairs of spiracles are to be found on the bodies of auy 
one species, yet that 11 segments of the body, in different species taken 
collectively, bear them; and, as Campodea is recorded to have spiracles 
on each thoracic segment, 11 is probably the normal primitive number of 
1874. [voL. xr.] r 
