370 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
is not supposed to be included, and the author’s views cannot be known 
until the text is published, it has been thought better to enumerate them 
among the Bomhyces., with which they are associated. The insects 
figured under certain known generic names (e.g., Lomaspilis and Noctuo- 
morphd) appear to have no relation to the species commonly included 
in those genera. The above remarks are not intended to apply to 
pis. Ixxv.-cvii., which contain Noctuce. 
On alleged discrepancies between the catalogues of Kirby and Stau- 
dinger, cf. W. F. Kirby, Canad. Ent. vi. pp. 196 & 197. 
O. Staudinger (SB. Ges. Isis, 1873, ]»p. 77-79 ; B. E. Z. xviii. pp. 
148-150) classes the different kinds of variation in Lepidoptera as fol- 
lows: — I. Aberrations, or Accidental Variations. II. Local Varieties, or 
Races. III. Variation in broods appearing at diiferent seasons. IV. 
Variation from difference in food of larvae. V. Variation due to Hybrid- 
ism. VI. Dimorphism and Polymorphism. In conclusion, he alludes to 
Mimicry. 
A. R. Grote discusses the functions of the antennae in Lepidoptera. 
He considers them to be organs both of smell and hearing, and thinks 
that in the butterflies, which fly by day, and in which sight is well 
developed, they have become modified by disuse. Am. Nat. viii. pp. 
619 & 620. 
Remarkable cases of mixed or partial hermaphroditism are described 
and mostly figured by Westwood, Thesaurus ent. oxon. {anted^ p. 243], 
pp. 185-189, pi. XXXV. The following species are noticed: — Pieris 
pyrrha, fig. 1 ; Euchloe cardamines^ figs. 3 & 4 ; Anthocharis evippe, figs. 
11& 12 ; Gorpepteryx rhamni, fig. 3; Siderone Isidore, figs. 6 & 7 ; Hip- 
farcMa semele, fig. 13 ; Morpho sulkowskii ; Polyommatus adonis, fig. 5 ; 
and Lasiocampa quercus. 
T. G. Gentry, “Influence of Nutrition on Sex among the Lepidoptera,'^ 
P. Ac. Philad. 1873, pp. 281-283, deduces the following important con- 
clusions from experiments on the larvae of several of the larger N. 
American moths (1) When the larvae are fed on diseased or innutri- 
tions food, males result. (2.) When the leaves on which the larvae feed 
have lost their usual amount of sap in the autumn, males result. (3.) 
Late in the season, more males than females are produced. (4.) Differ- 
ence of sex is brought about late in larval life, through the medium of 
nutrition. 
On controlling sex in butterflies ; variation in larvae, &c. ; W. V. An- 
drews, Oanad. Ent. vi. pp. 145-147. 
On migration of butterflies; H. Reeks, Ent. vii. pp. 110-112. 
On the groups of Lepidoptera, and on the coloration and patterns of 
butterflies; H. H. Higgins, Synopsis of Invertebrate Animals in the 
Liverpool Museum, pp. 87-96 (P. Liverp. Soc. xxviii. App.). 
Mimicry in butterflies and pupae ; T. Belt, Naturalist in Nicaragua, 
p. 382. 
Oviposition of certain Lepidoptera ; P. H. Jennings, Ent. vii. pp. 
285-287. 
On gall-producing Lepidoptera ; E. L, Ragonot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 
iv. pp. ccxliv. & ccxlv. (23 species enumerated). 
