468 
NEUKOPTERAj ORTHOPTERA. 
JEschnina. 
Anax ephippigera. Ghiliani, Bull. Ent. Ital. vi. pp. 227-228, gives 
notes on ‘ invasions ' by this species in Italy. 
jEschna furcillata^ Say, re-described by Hagen, P. Bost. Soc. xvi. 
p. 352. 
jEschna abboti, p. 350, Georgia, antilope, p. 354, Baltimore, spp. nn., 
Hagen, I, c. 
Galopterygina, 
Calopteryx virgo. A singular aberration of this species, from a 
French example in McLachlan’s collection, figured by Westwood, Thes. 
ent. oxon., pi. xxxv. fig. 15. 
ORTHOPTERA. 
BY 
Robert McLachlan, F.L.S. 
The General S object. 
Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. Ueber Systematik der Orthoptera uud 
die Recensio Orthopterorum von 0. Stal. Verh. z.-b. Wien, xxiv. 
pp. 225-230. 
A somewhat severe critique of the work in question. Explanatory 
woodcuts are given. 
. Ueber die ausseren Gehororgane der Orthoptera. Tom. cit. 
pp. 285-288. 
These organs are noticed as ‘ Tympanum apertuin' ‘ Tympanum forni- 
catum,^ and ‘ Tympanum clausum ’ ; and detailed descriptions (with 
explanatory woodcuts) are given, illustrating the structure in the three 
stridulating families, Acrydiidce, Locustidai, and Gryllidce, 
Graber, V. Bemerkungen fiber die “ Gehor- und Stimmorgane ” der 
Heushrecken und Cikaden. SB. Ak. Wien, Ixvi. [1872] pt. i. pp. 
205-213. 
The author firstly combats Landois’ theory that the tympanum of 
the Cicadce is the envelope of the so-called ear in the Gryllidce and 
Acrydiidce. Secondly, ho enters at length into the method in which 
Stetheophyma grossum and (Edipoda tuberculata produce their noise, 
with explanatory woodcuts. In the former the tibia is rubbed against 
the inner margin of the elytra ; in the latter both sexes stridulate, and 
the sound is produced by the friction of the thick marginal nervures of 
