512 
ECHINODERMATA. 
through which the lymphatic system communicates with the exterior, &c. 
No direct connection between the vascular and lymphatic systems could 
be discovered ; they contain globulose andr amified corpuscles similar to 
those found in the fluid of the body cavity. The vessels connecting 
the anal ring with the genitalia appear to be also the excretory ducts of 
these organs. • 
Lacaze-Duthiers (9) has discovered that the larva or pro-embryo of 
Asterina is not free, swimming, but sedentary. The eggs are deposited 
on stones ; the embryo is globular, with two arms, forming a crescent, 
by means of which it Axes itself, alters its position, moves about, &c. 
The arms disappear when the young star-fish is formed, but it is still 
temporarily fixed by a kind of pedicle, arising from the centre of the 
actinal disc, &c. 
Marion’s note on the hybridization of Echini is reprinted, J. Zool. ii. 
pp. 304-307. 
In a note by A. Agassiz, “ Sur la fertilisation artificielle de deux esp^ces 
d’^toiles de mer,” Arch. Z. Exper. iii. p. xlvi., it is intimated, that the 
perplexing intermediary forms of Asterias, s. str., often encountered, 
may be due to accidental natural hybridization ; sterile specimens are 
by no means uncommon, and artificially fecund ited hybrid embryos may 
attain the stage, where the young star begins to form itself on the aqui- 
ferous tube of the larva. In a note in the same periodical, pp. vii.-xv., 
Sur les p4dicellaires et les ainbulacres des Asterios et des Oiirsins, re- 
ponse a Mr. A. Agassiz,” by E. Perrier, a paper is cited by Stewart on 
the calcareous plate in the disc of the suckers of Echini, in M. Micr. J. 
1873, which has not been seen by the Recorder. 
According to Semper (15) (and Carpenter) the string in the arms 
of Antedon, Pentacrinus, &c., determined by J. Muller as the nerve- 
cord, is, in reality, a part of the reproductive system, connecting the 
ovaries of the “pinnule ” to the main body. In opposition to Perrier, it 
is shown that two parallel vessels or channels really exist in the arms of 
Crinoids, besides the true tentacular channel and the axial chord of the 
calcareous segments (Carpenter’s nerve-string) which communicates with 
J. Muller’s presumed “ heart.” 
H. Ludwig [supra, p. 495] on the formation of the egg in Echinoder- 
mata, pp. 39-48. 
Notes by Macintosh on the microscopical structure of the spines of 
Centrostephanus rodgersi, Strongylocentrus {Toxopneustes) lividas, Colo- 
hocentrus atratus, Astropyga radiata, and Oreaster tuherculatus ; Q. J. 
Micr. Sc. xiv. pp. 317-321, 422, & 425. 
The unpaired sucker of the Asteridce is also present at the extremity 
of the arms in the Ophiuridce. Greeff, SB. Ges. Marb. 1874, 2, p. 31. 
Faunas, Local Lists, ^'c. 
Macintosh has contributed a list of the Echinodermata of St. Andrews 
(Ann. N. H., 4, xiv. pp. 68-75), with short notes, especially on Holothu- 
ridct ; HuTTON {op. cit. xiii. p. 95) alludes briefly to the more prominent 
features of the New Zealand fauna and its relations ; the papers of 
