84 
PISCES. 
fishes from this river, Versl. & Meded. Ak. Amsterd. iv. 1870, 
pp. 249-258. 
Upper Amazon, Mr. Gill describes 10 new species from the 
Upper Amazon and Napo rivers. P. Ac. Philad. 1870, pp. 92- 
96. 
Southern Brazil, Dr. Hensel has concluded the account of 
/ the freshwater fishes collected hy him (sec Zool. Record, v. 
\p. 141), Wiegm. Arch. 1870, pp. 50-91. The total number is 
23 of which are described as new. 
Palestine, In an article, The Fishes of the Holy Land 
(Student & Intell. Observ. 1869, pp. 409-417), Dr. Gunther 
gives a list of 18 species. He states that Syria forms the centre 
of the faunae of several regions, and that the proportions of the 
Syrian, European, Atrican, and Indian types may be expressed 
by the numbers 5 : 5 : 4 : 3. 
Nile. In an appendix to ^ Travels in Central Africa and Ex- 
plorations of the Western Nile Tributaries,^ by Mr. and Mrs. 
Petherick, London, 1869, 8vo, Dr. Gunther gives an account 
of The Fishes of the Nile,^^ vol. ii. pp. 195-268, with three 
plates and several woodcuts. He gives a sketch of the preceding 
literature on the subject, and shows that out of 55 species found 
in the Upper Nile not less than 24 are identical with West 
African species (see Zool. Record, iv. p. 156). The total number 
of fishes from the Upper and Lower Nile known at present is 
j 80*; they are described, and some of them figured. 
Red Sea. “ Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres,^^ by C. 
B. Klunzinger. Part I. Percoiden — Mugiloiden. Verh. z.-b. 
Ges. Wien, 1870, pp. 669-834. The author has commenced to 
publish the results of ichthyological researches made during a 
sojourn of four years on the Red Sea. He gives excellent de- 
scriptions of all the species inhabiting the Red Sea; and his 
determinations and corrections of the synonymy are all the more 
reliable as he has examined most of the typical specimens in 
Continental collections. The results of eonscientious and care- 
ful work, like that of Dr. Klunzinger, consist less in adding a 
number of ephemeral species to the systematic list, than in a 
more accurate definition of the characters of known species and 
genera. In the present paper the author carries his subject 
doAvn to the Atherines ; and we hope that he will soon continue 
this most valuable contribution. 
Senegal. Dr. Steindachner describes the fishes collected by 
him on this river during a visit of two months. SB. Ak. Wien, 
1869, lx. pp. 669-714, with 12 plates, pp. 945-995, with 8 plates; 
1870, Ixi. pp. 533-583, with 8 plates. They are 94 in number, 
including marine species ascending into brackish water. Forty- 
four are limited to fresh water ; and out of this number 21 are 
Not 81, there being only one species of Pohjpterus. 
