GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 125 
Transcaucasia, Palestine, and on the shores of the Mediterranean ; the Ileli- 
cariofi, on tlie contrary, is an East-Indian form. 
British India. Several new species, principally of Nanina and Glcssula^ 
are added by W. T. Bhinford j more exact localities for known species are 
also noticed. J. A. S. B. xxxix. 
Several land and freshwater shells from the Shan States and Burmah are 
described by W. Theobald. J. A. S. B. xxxix. pp. 395-402. 
Andaman Islands. The shells described as new by Tryon in the preceding 
year are identified with previously described species, and the occurrence of 
Helix acJiaiina doubted by Stoliczka. P. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pp. 8G-88. 
China. Some land and freshwater shells collected in Hainan by Mr. 
Swinlioe are described and figured by II. Adams, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 8, pi. 1. 
figs. 12-16, and pp. 377-379, pi. 27. figs. 4-13. 
Philippines. Part of the land-shells of this archipelago are 
treated of by Prof. Carl Semper in the continnation of his work 
on the results of his travels in the PJiilippines. Having ex- 
plored many regions where II. Cuming has not been, es- 
pecially in tlic northern parts of the island of Luzon, lie adds 
several novelties to this fauna, and, on the otlier hand, some of 
the localities stated in tlic Cumingian collections are called in 
doubt by him. He finds a general difference between the fauna 
of Luzon and that of the southern islands, for example Min- 
danao — the first being cpiite peculiar, the latter containing tlie 
same genera, or sections of genera, and even in some cases the 
same species as Borneo and Celebes. 
5. Polynesia and Australia, 
Australia. Ten new land-shells, mostly from Tasmania, described by J. 
Brazier, P.Z.S. 1870, pp. 659-GG2. 
New Caledonia. New land and freshwater shells are described by Sou- 
verbie, Montrouzier, Crosse, Marie, and Gassies in the J. de Conch, xviii. 
Pacijic Islands. New land-shells from the Navigators’ Islands, New He- 
brides, Solomon Islands, New Ireland, Fiji, Banks’s Group, and Norfolk Island 
are described by J. Cox, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 81-85 and 170, 171. 
Sandtvich Islands. Pease enumerates 6 species of Limnaia and 
5 of Melania occurring on these islands, three of each being new ; 
no true Physa is found there, but sinistral specimens of Limneea 
have been described as species of Physa. Am. Journ. Conch, vi. 
pp. 4-7. — The Achatinellcje of the island of Kauai are enu- 
merated and distributed between the two subgencra Lepiachatina 
and Amasira by Pease, J. dc Conch, xviii. pp. 87, 88. 
G. Tropical America, 
A rather large number of land shells, 201 species, collected by Paz and 
Martinez during a Spanish scientific expedition in Brazily Ecuadm', PerUf 
and Chile (see Zool. Bee. vi. p. 525) are enumerated by J. G. Hidalgo, J. de 
Conch, xviii. pp. 27-70 ; the localities are carefully indicated, and some so- 
called species reduced to varieties of others. 
The conchological part of L. Netto’s description of the Impeiial and 
