GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
127 
we may refer to the account given in the Proceedings of the 
Iloyal Society for Nov. 18 ; an abstract is also to be found in 
^Nature/ Nov.-Dcc. 18G9. The report of the expedition of 
1870 (P. R. Soc. 1870, pp. 146-220) contains the narrative 
and tlie hydrographical results ; it appears from them that 
a number of shells known hitherto only in a fossil state have 
again been dredged in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The 
conch ological part of the report will be given by Jeffreys in 
1871. 
Hall remarks that where the water is cooled by northern 
currents or by glaciers, deep-sea species of mollusks, especially 
Rrachiopods, arc found at or even above low-water mark, while 
these mollusks are only obtained at a depth of many fathoms 
where the surface is warm. P. Bost. Soc. xii. 1869. 
1. Seas of Northern Europe. 
The late Prof. Mien. Sars left an elaborate paper on the mollusks of the 
Christiania fjord, which has been published by his son, G. 0. Satis ; it con- 
tains 2 Cophalopods {Rosda oiocnii and glancopis), 1 Pteropod {Spiralis 
femwgii), 70 species of Gasteropods and 32 of Bivalves ; some rather arctic 
species occur among them, as Nalica affinis, Gmel., Scalaria grocnlandica^ 
Chemn,, Philine quadrata^ Wood. Several new genera are described and 
figured, concerning which some remarks made by Jeffreys on the original 
specimens are added by the editor. 
A list of 163 Norwegian marine JMollusca, dredged either in the Christiania 
fjord at Drobak or, during the expedition of the ‘ Porcupine,’ between 47 
and 60° N. lat., is given by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. N. H. (4) v. pp. 438- 
448. Twenty-one of those foimd at the former locality had not previously 
been known thence. 
E. Friedel brings the number of sea-shells found on the west coast of 
Sksivick and Holstein from 65 (see Zool. Rec. v. p. 628) to 106, from his own 
observations and those of others, and gives also some additions to the mala- 
cological literature of this country. Mai. Bl. xvii. pp. 71-78. — Some shells 
collected on the small island of Neuwerk, at the mouth of the Elbe, by the 
student Gilin are mentioned, ibid, p. 78. 
A. Metzger treats the molluscan fauna of the coast of Hast Friesland^ be- 
tween the mouths of the rivers Ems and Jahde, including the islands of 
Norderney, Wangeroog, and others; he gives first an interesting general 
account of the occurrence of animals in the different kinds of localities, the 
Watten ” (estuaries), the strand between tide marks and the ^^Balgen” or 
shallow bottoms from low water-mark to 12 fathoms ; then follows a systematic 
list, containing 2 Cephalopods, 18 Prosobranchiate Gasteropods, 1 Pulmonate 
{Melanqms myosotis), 13 Opisthobranchiates, and 41 Bivalves found on this 
coast. JB. Ges. llannov. 1860-70, pp. 22-30. 
Colbeau’s list of Belgian Mollusca, Ann. mal. Belg. vol. iii. (1868) pp. 86- 
111, contains 7 species of Cephalopods, 71 marine Gasteropods with shells, 
only 8 without, and 88 marine Bivalves. Some novelties are also mentioned, 
pp. xix, XX. — A number of shells found on the shore atOstend are mentioned 
by A. Craven and F. de Malzine, 1. c. iv. (1869) pp. xcviii-ci. 
