LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
245 
from India before receiving sncli Australian types as occur at the Cape of 
Good Hope, and before the introduction of certain microtypal species referred 
to by the author, — that an important infusion of the Brazilian type in the 
West- African fauna (cf. Appendix) justifies his belief that Brazil and West 
Africa were formerly united (contrary to Bentham’s expressed opinion), — and 
that the existence in Madagascar of a double fauna, one African and the other 
American, is to be accounted for by the conjecture that, when communication 
between the last Patagonia but one (for the author needs three successive 
and different countries in that quarter to carry out his theory) and the Cape 
was interrupted by the submergence of a continent, a broad raised ridge sur- 
vived, running from Rio Janeiro obliquely across the Atlantic to a point a 
little to the south of the Cnpe of Good Hope, and thence to Madagascar ; 
and this convenient ridge appears in the map of the Atlantic-bed in Keith 
Johnston’s ^Physical Atlas.’ 
The Brazilian stirps appears to be more intelligible, its great difficulty, viz. 
the supposed connexion with Africa, being explained as above. The author 
considers that the large and splendid exponents of microtypal forms found in 
Brazil are due to superadded brilliancy consequent upon the special condi- 
tions of the locality. He does not, however, seem inclined to allow a 
similar agency to the microtypal forms occurring in China, .Japan, and other 
countries, equally likely, judging from their undoubtedly indigenous species, 
to foster a similar development. 
Tables are given, showing : — I. the actual present distribution of existing 
genera of Coleoptera (113), Orthoptera (6), Neuroptera (10), Hymenoptera (16), 
Lepidoptera (2), Diptera (18), HemipUra (30), Ilomoptera (12), Arachnoidea 
(3), Crustacea (1), and Polypi (2) that have been recorded as Miocene; 
II. the geographical distribution of genera of Coleoptera (111) found in the 
middle and eastern portions of Polynesia ; HI. the relations of genera of New- 
Caledonian Coleoptera (Montrouzier) ; with lists of non -microtypal Polyne- 
sian species and their sources, — of genera and species found in Europseo- 
Asiatic regions and also in North-western America, but not in North-eastern 
America, — and of genera of Old Calabar, either Brazilian or with Brazilian 
affinities. 
[Murray’s views are contested by Wallace, who (in his Presidential Ad- 
dress, Pr. E. Soc. 1870, pp. lii-lxix) bases his opposition chiefly on an analysis 
of Wollaston’s 'Insecta Maderensia.’] 
Murray, Andrew. Reply to Mr. Frederick Smith on the Re- 
lations between Wasps and Rhipiphori. Ann. N. H. (4) v. 
pp. 83-93. 
. A last word in reply to Dr. Chapman and Mr. Frederick 
Smith on the Relations of the Wasp and Rhipiphorus. 
Ibid. p. 278. 
. Conclusion of the history of the Wasp and Rhipiphorus 
paradoxus, with description and figure of the Grub of the 
latter. L. c. vi. pp. 204-213, pi. xiv. 
. Note on the egg of Rhipiphorus paradoxus. Ibid. pp. 
326-328. 
