ANTHOPHILA, VESPIDiE. 
341 
Ej^eolus I'ufipes productus^ Thoms. 1 . c. p. 91, Sweden. 
Eptoloides fidviventris, Sclik. 1. c. p. 339, Bamberg. 
C(dioxys claripcnnis, Sclik. 1. c. p. 363 (presumably from Nassau). 
Osinia suhmicajis, p. 314, Tauria ; O. ccpUaloteSy p. 316, note, Nice ; O. di- 
viidiata, p. 316, Caucasus ; O. solskyi, p. 317, Tauria, Armenia, Switzerland, 
Germany : Morawitz, 1. c. 
Megachile nigriventris, Schenck, 1. c. p. 324, Tyrol. 
Anthidium annulare^ Schk. ibid.^ Tyrol. 
Eucera taurica, Moraw. 1. c. p. 311, Tauria, 
Tetralonia basalts, Moraw, 1. c. p. 313, Kasan, 
Ant/wphora ruthenica, Moraw. 1. c. p. 306, Kasan, Orenburg, Sarepta. 
Bomhus xanthopus, Kriechb., Ver. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xx. p. 167, Corsica ; B. 
hcBmaturus, ibid., Armenia; B. niveatus, p. 168, Palestine; B, hrevigetia, Thoms. 
1. c. p. 265, Sweden. 
Psithyrus lugubrts, Kriechb. I. c. p. 169 ( $ only, and vars. named unicolor, 
nigricollis, mixta, collaris, and scutellaris) , Tuscany, Trieste, Dalmatia, Fiume. 
VeSPIDA5. 
Walsh & Riley (Amer. Ent. i. pp. 122, 138-142), under the head ** Wasps 
and their habits,” discuss the economy of Eumenes fraterna (Say), insect 
and nest figured, f. 110 ; Vespa maculata, L., f. Ill ; Polislcs americana (F.), 
insect and nest, f. 112 ; and other species. 
Smith (Ent. Ann. 1871, pp. 64-70) notes various parasites on the Ves~ 
pidee. 
For observations as to the real or supposed identity of the European and 
American Vespa vulgaris, and on the occurrence in N. America of V. crahro, 
cf. Amer. Ent. i. p. 200. 
The parasitism of the dipterous Phora on the larva and pupa of a wasp, 
and on the imago of Vespa crahro, is recorded in Pr. Ess. Soc. 1870, 
p. xxxviii. 
CouPER (Canad. Ent. ii. p. 49 et seq.) gives an account of the nidification 
and habits of Vesqya maculata and V, germanica, and of Euceros hurrus, 
Cresson, the parasite of the former. 
The habits of Vespa maculata, L., are recorded by GUlman in Amer. Ent. 
& Bot. ii. p. 167. 
Polistes gallica. For v. Siebold’s article on parthenogenesis in this spe- 
cies, cf. Z. wiss. Zool. XX. pp. 236-242 ; and for comments on it, cf. Maklin, 
OEfv. Fin. Soc. xii. pp. 112-118 ; Kraatz, B. E. Z. xiv. pp. 47, 48 ; Breyer, Ann. 
E. Belg. xiii. c.-r. p. xii. 
Chapman (Ent. M. M. vi. p. 214) records observations on the pairing of 
Odynerus spinipes. 
Lichtenstein (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4® s6r. ix. Bull. p. Ixxiii) records his 
observations on the economy of Bhygehium oculatum, which makes its nests 
in rose-trees, and destroys the larva3 of Plusia gamma. lie notices a kind of 
false pupa in this species. An Odynerus, to which ho refers without giving 
its specific name, is subject to the parasitism of Bhipiphorus preeustus, and of 
a Bhipiptera, the latter not preventing the final metamorphosis of the wasp, 
lie suggests the encouragement of the species of Eumenes, Odynerus, and 
Bhygehium in gardens, as a natural means of checking the excess of larvse of 
Lepidoptera. 
