484 
ECIIlNODEllMATA. 
Flores j Ophiothrix punctolimbata^ Javaj Ophiothrix Zamboanga, Min- 
danao ; Ophiothrix catuphracta^ Singapore ; Ophiothrix triloba^ Red Sea. 
Ophiothrix serrata, sp. n., Kulil & van Ilasselt, sp., described by Ilerclots 
(/. c. p. 9), Cape Bantam. ^ 
Asteuoidea. 
OwsJANNiKOw’s researches on the nervous system of Starfishes (Bull. Pet. 
pp. 310-318) were made on Aster acanthion rubens, tenuispinus, glacialisy As- 
tropecten glacialis, and others. The nervous ring is a flat band, containing no 
swellings or ganglia, and not difterent in structure from the ainbulacral nerves, 
which latter possess nerve-cells as well as fibres. The ainbulacral nerve 
forms a demicanal, the fine membrane closing the canal above (dorsally) con- 
taining cells and fibres which the author does not consider to appertain to the 
nervous system. The general rule that, in the lower forms of animal life, 
the nerve-elements are of considerable size, does not hold here, as the cells are 
small and the fibres fine. 
Pekhieii (Ann. Sc. Nat. xii. p. 197) shows that the Asteroidea with four 
rows of ambulacra in each groove {Aster acanthion, Ileliaster) are also very 
different as regards their pedicellariee from those with only two rows. In the 
first group there are two forms of pedicellariae, the straight and the over- 
lapping : both possess two jaws and a basilar piece j but in the decussating 
form (piSdicellaires croisiSes) the jaws cross eacli other below like tlio two 
blades of a pair of scissors. In the second group, including the greater num- 
ber of Starfishes, the basilar piece is gone, and the pedicellaria is sessile on 
the body of the Starfish. Here there are also two forms of these organs, 
valvular and pincer-shaped. Pedicellarice are absent in the genera Solaster, 
Chcetaster (?), Ophidaster, Scgtaster, Astropecten, and Echinaster. 
The following new species in the Paris Museum, some of which were pre- 
viously named by Valenciennes, are described by Perrier (/. c. pp. 243-298) ; — 
Astcracanthion lacazii { = Echinaster echinura,\u\.), South Carolina j Echi- 
naster cloud, Vul., JiJ. ajjinis, North of India ; E. ornatus, Cape of (food Hope } 
Ophidiastcr attenuatus, Zanzibar j O. irregularis, IMayotto j O. purpurcus, allied 
to O. cylindricus, Seychelles ; Ophidiastcr (P) vestUus (perhaps an Echinaster), 
Mayotte ; Scgtaster indicus, India j Culcita aretiosa, Val., Sandwich Islands j 
C.pulverulenta, Val., Le Sonde j Oreaster cloud, Diego Jouares ; O. mammosa, 
Val., Zanzibar ; Astrogonium einilii, locality unknown; A.dubimn{?) (per- 
haps a variety of A. cuspidatmn. Mull. & Trosch.), locality unknown ; Gonio- 
discus articidatus, Seychelles; O. acutus, New Holland; G. micheUni, Ma- 
zatlan; Aster iscus pulchellus, Val., Messina; A. calaaratus, Val., Valparaiso; 
A. exiguus,yA., New Holland; A. wega,\dl., locality unknown; Astro- 
pecten perarmatus, South Seas ; A. satnoensis, Samoa ; A. m 'ulleri, Val., 
Copenhagen ; A. myosurus, Val., Mediterranean. 
The following are described by Philippi (Arch. f. Nat. pp. 268-274) from 
the Chilian seas : — 
Goniodiscus penicillatus, Astcracanthion clavatum, A.fidvum, A. spectabile, 
A. mite, A. varium, A. fulgens. 
Calveria hystrix, gen. et sp. n.. Carp., Jeff., and Thomson (Pr. R. Soc. 
Nov. 18, 1869, p. 445), Shetland 
* In the Report of the Expedition of 1870 this name is given as the one 
to be applied to the singular new soft urchin referred to under Echinoidea. 
