486 
ECHINODERMATA. 
D. — Ambulacral areas broad. Pedicellariae of four different forms — gem- 
miform, tridactyle, ophiocepbalous or buccal, and trifoliate (the last form 
absent perhaps in some genera) — and never directly fixed to the stem. 
Spicules of the ambulacral tubes arcuate, with the extremities curved down- 
wards, simple or surmounted with a hook at each of the lateral curvatures. 
1. Pores disposed in transverse ranges of three pairs. 
a. Impressions around the ambulacral and interambulacral plates ; 
pores at the angles of these plates. Tubercles sometimes crenu- 
lated, never perforated : — Salmaciens” 
Genera : Temnopleurus, Salmacis, Microcyphus, Mespilia. 
/3. Neither impressions nor pores at the circumference of the plates. 
Tubercles neither crenulated or perforated : — Echiniens.'^ 
Genera : Amhlypneustes, Echinus, Spliarechimcs, Psammechinus, Bolctia. 
2. Pores disposed in more or less curved ranges containing 5 or C pairs : — 
LoxichiniensP 
Genera : Toxopneustes, Loxechmus. 
3. Pores forming in each ambulacral demiarea two regular lateral 
bands, between which are found, sometimes an irregular median 
line, sometimes an unlimited number of sporadic pores : — “ Tri- 
pneustiensP 
Genera ; Tripneustes, Ilolopmustes. 
E. — General characters of group D ; but the spicules of the ambulacral 
tubes have the form of perforated plates : — lUliocidariensP 
Genus Ileliocidaris. 
II. — Test elliptical. Pedicellariae of the tridactyle, ophiocepbalous, and 
gemmiform types, the latter having the jaws terminated by unsymmetrical 
hooks. Pores disposed in ranges of four pairs at least, this number of 
pairs increasing towards the summit of the test. Spicules of the ambu- 
lacral tubes simple, arcuate, recurved downwards at their extremities: — 
“ EchinomHriens. ” 
Genera ; Echinomdra, Acrocladia, Podophora. 
Verrill (Am, J. Sc. vol. xlix. p. 101) maintains the validity of his generic 
name Etcryechimis for E. drohachiensis and E. Hindus, the name Toxopneustes 
having been originally applied by Agassiz in 1841 to urchins of a difterent 
generic type. Toxocidaris, A. Agassiz, 1862, he considers also synonymous 
with Toxopneustes, Agass. 1841. 
Carpenter, Jeffreys, and W. Thomson mention (P. R. Soc. Nov. 18, 1869, 
p. 460) an Echinid allied to Astropyya, but with a flexible test, taken N. W. 
of the Hebrides. The same naturalists found it again off the coast of Spain 
{ib. Dec. 8, 1870, p. 164). 
Clypeaster speciosus, sp. n., Verrill (/. c. p. 96), La Paz. 
Encope californica, sp. n., Verrill (/. c. p. 97), La Paz. 
Holothuroidea. 
Si/napta fasciata, sp. n,, Kuhl et Van Hasselt, Bijd. tot de Dierk. 1869, 
p. 2, West coast of Java. 
Holothuria maculata, sp. n,, Kuhl et Van Hasselt (/. c. p. 2), west coast 
of Java. 
