502 
tKOTOZOA. 
macidon infestum, Esperia tnassa, Eiotyonella cactus (?), ^xinella polytroides^ 
Phakellia ventilabrum, Ilymeraphia verticillata^ Craniella tethyoides^ ^elletta 
discophora, Tisiphonia agariciformis. Also undetermined varieties of Span- 
gelia, Euspongia, Filiferay Pachychalir^ay and Tedania. 
The following genera are common to the two shores : — 
JJ.o\i/Cnick {^PJiet'onen}a)y AphrocallisteSy Leiodermatiumy Corallistesy C^llulo- 
phami Chondrilla, SpongeliUy Euspongia, CacospongiUy Aplysim, Filiferay 
Chcflind) Siphonochalinay Sclerochalintty Pachychqlinay ChqlinidayReniera,Amor~ 
phincii Pellinay Tedanluy Schmidtiqy Plicatellay Suberites, Papillinay Radiellay 
Tethyay DesmacellUy Desmacidony Cribrellay Esperia, Dictyonella, Clathria, 
Axinella, Phakellia, Raspaila, Hymeraphia, Tetella, Craniella, Ancoi'ina, Stel- 
letta^ Geodia, Caminus. 
Miklucho-Maclay, in noticing some siliceous sponges of undetermined 
species, save Veluspa polymorpha, M.-Maclay, varieties digitata and arctica, 
along with one calcaveous form, a Sycum of considerable size, all from the 
White Sea and Arctic Ocean^ states that his results are at variance with the 
conclusion of O, Schmidt, viz. that in the colder regions the siliceous sponges 
are feebly developed in comparison with the calcareous. These views may 
prove correct for the sponges of the Greenland coast, oa which Schmidt’s 
conclusion^ were based, bat they do not appear conclusive for the sponge- 
fauna of the Eastern Polar seas, where the siliceous sponges seem to pre- 
dominate, (Bull. P(5tersb. June 1870, t. xv. pp. 203-205.) 
Tb^ following are the Vitreous ” or Ilexactinellate sponges enumerated 
by Mr, W, S. Kent as taken in the ‘Norna* dredging-expedition off the 
coasts of Spain and Portugal (M. Micr. J. 1870, pp. 241-252) 
Pheronema grayi, Kent; Askonema setubalense, Kent; Hyalonema lusU 
tanica. Gray; Lanuginella pupa, 0. Schmidt; Aphrocallistes bocagii, E. P. 
Wright; Farrea occq, Bbk. ; Aidodictyon woodwardi, Kent; Dactylocalyx, 
sp. ; Fieldingia lagettoides, Kent, 
Bocage (/. c.) records the taking, in depths of 450-500 fathoms, of five speci- 
mens of Holtenia {Pheronema) carpenteri in the same localities ofi* the Portu- 
guese coast in which Hyalonema lusitanicum occurs. Wheu fresh, the sarcode 
was of an orange-colour. 
Various sponges, the most interesting being IlexactmellidcB, are recorded 
by Carpenter, Jeffr’eys, and W, Thomson as taken in the ‘Porcupine ’ expe- 
ditions of 1809 and 1870 (P. R. Soc. xviii. pp. 397-492, and xix. pp. 146- 
221). In the Report of the former are mentioned Adrasta infundibulum, 
Tisiphonia, sp., Phakellia ventilabrum, and a new and unnamed genus allied 
to Esperia. la that of the latter to the coasts of France, Spain, Portugal, 
and the Mediterranean, mention is made of Pheronema (?) velatum (sp. n., 
W. Thomson), Askoyema setubalense. Pheronema carpenteri and Aphrocal- 
listes bocagii occurred in both. 
Structure, Morphology, and Classification. 
Hackee’s paper “ On the organization of Sponges and their relationship to 
the Corals” (Jen. Z. Nat. Bd. v. 1869) is translated by Mr. W. S. Dallas in 
Ann. N. H. (4) v. pp. 1-13 and 107-120. His view that the sponges belong 
to the Codenterata is disputed by Mr. W. S. Kent {tom. c\t. pp. 204-218, and 
op. cit. vi. pp. 250-265), but defended by Mr. E. R. Lankester {tom. cit. 
pp. 86-93). Oscar Schmidt (/. c. p. 84) declares himself averse to the views 
of Hiickel on this point. 
