504 
PROTOZOA. 
II. Spicules anchor-shaped or of pyramidal type : — Lithistidce, Anconnidce^ 
Geodinidce, and (extinct) Vermiculat(s. 
III. - Spicules monaxial, polyaxial, or wanting ; — Halisardnce — Qumminea^ 
Ceraospongice, Chalinecef ChalinopsidcBj JRenierinoSj Suheritidcej Desma- 
cidince. 
IV. Spicules calcareous ; — Calcispongice. 
The Hexactinellidce are thus defined and subdivided by Kent (Month. Micr. 
J. Nov. 1870, p. 252) 
Ord^r Hexactinellidce, 0. Sdt. Sponges with a siliceo-fibrous or siliceo- 
spicular skeleton. Spicula of sexradiate-stellate type invariably present. 
Suborder I. Coralliospongice, J. E. Gray. Sponge-body supported by an 
anastomosing or continuous reticulate skeleton. Reproductive gemmules en- 
tirely membranaceous, nonspiculous (?). Genera: Euplectella, Hahrodictyon, 
Aphrocallistes, Farrea, Aulodictyon, Macutidrewia, Dactylocalyx, Fieldingia. 
Suborder II. Calicisponyice, W. S. Kent. Sponge-body supported by an 
interlacing or isolated spicular skeleton, never by a reticulate and continuous 
one. Reproductive gemmules membranous, furnished with protective spi- 
cula (P), Genera: Pheronerna, Hyalonema, Adconema, Sympagella, LanuyU 
nella, Vazella. 
Prof. E. Perceval Wright figures and describes an osculum of the sponge- 
mass of Hyalonema mirabilis, and tlie arrangement of spicules connected 
therewith (Q. J. Micr. Sc. 1870, p. 3). 
Siliceee, 
Phermema. Dr. Leidy figures (Am. Nat. March 1870) the sponge from 
Santa Cruz to which, in 1868, he gave the name of Pheronerna annce, Phe- 
ronema, Ijeidy, = Holtenia, Wyville Thomson (Kent, Ann. N. H. August 
1870, p. 184 J see also Zool. Rec. vol. vi. p. 679). P. grayi, sp. nov., Kent 
(/. c. pp. 182-186), Setubal, Portugal. Dr. Gray (/. c. p. 311) considers this 
to be generically distinct from Pheronerna, having the filiform anchoring spi- 
cules (instead of being in tufts at the hinder end of the body) arising sepa- 
rately from all parts of the surface, except a small broad nude baud round 
the oscule. Dr. Gray proposes for it the new generic name Callisphcera ; but 
Professor Wyville Thomson (P. R. Soc. xix. p. 153) considers it only a 
variety of his HoUenia carpenteri. 
Vazella, gen. nov., Gray (/. c. p. 311). To. include HoUenia pourtalesii 
and H. saccus, O. Sdt. 
Dr. Gray proposes to form Pheronerna and its allies into a new family, 
Pheronemidse (/. c. p. 310). 
Aphrocallistes bocagii, sp. nov., Perceval Wright (ibid. p. 4 j see also 
Kent, M. Micr. J. Nov. 1870, p. 248, and 0. Schmidt, Spongien des at- 
lantischen Gebietes, p. 13), Atlantic, Cape- Verde Islands, ‘ Porcupine ’ Ex- 
pedition, &c. 
Askonema, g. n., Kent (M. Micr. J. 1870, p. 245). Sponge-body bag- 
or cup-shaped, of felt-like consistence, composed of an interlacement of long 
filiform siliceous fibres or spicula. Interspersed among these, hexradiate 
spicula of various sizes and minute multiradiate ones with capitate extremi- 
ties. A. setubalense, coast of Portugal. 
Aulodictyon, g. n., Kent (ibid. p. 249). In small fistulose ramifications j 
basal skeleton consisting of a complex reticulated tube, between and con- 
