MOLLUSCA. 
195 
[^Endodonta] Helix decussatula, rugattty and laminata^ sp. n., Pease, /. c. 
pp. 291, 292, Sandwtch Islands, 
Helix aspersa and nemoralis. Specimens from the sea-shore with unusually 
thiclf shell are mentioned by J. Parry and A. Latham, Proc. Lit. and Philos. 
Soc. Manchester, iv. p. 62. 
Helix crinita (Sandri) is distinguished from H. setosa (Ziegler) by Brusina, 
Faun. Moll. Dalmat. p. 63, and figured, pi. 3. fig. 11. 
Helix nemoralis and hortensis. Georg von Martens has reproduced his 
paper on the bands of these snails (Act. Ac, Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. xvi. 
1832) in Jahresh. Verein. Ntrk. Wiirtemb. 1866, pp, 218-226. He showed 
in this paper that all the different variations in these and many other species 
of Helix can be referred to five bands, which never vary in their position, but 
in number only, some of them being present or absent, and are either narrow 
and with wide intervals or dilated and confluent. — P. Th. Bruhin has 
treated the same subject in Giebel’s Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. 1866, pp. 382- 
388 (“ Formenreihe fur Helix nemoralis und H. hortensis und deren graphische 
Bezeichmmg.” — Series of variations of H n. and h., and their graphic ex- 
pression). On the whole, his results are the same as those arrived at by G. 
von Martens ; but he uses the form of a fraction when the arrangement 
of the bands of an older portion of a shell differs from that of the younger 
near the aperture. Twenty-three out of eighty-eight combinations are 
said to be doctrinal and probably not occurring in nature.” The author 
omits to state whether all the others were really observed by him, and 
whether in one or both species. [Of the twenty-three “ doctrinal ” variations 
nine have been found by other writers, for instance that in which all the five 
bars are confluent (a common Variation in both species). After G. von Mar- 
tens, M. Bach had arrived at the same results ; but the numbers of the bands 
are inverted, this author commencing to count from the undermost instead of 
the uppermost, Verhandl. ntrh. Ver. preuss. Bheinl. i. 1844, pp. 70-80. And 
the number of variations actually observed has been considerably increased 
by the researches of : — ^Bach, 1. c. ; A. Gras, in his list of the land- and fresh- 
water mollusks of the d^partement de I’Isere (1846) ; Assman, in Menke’s 
and Pfeiffer’s ^ Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie,’ ix. 1852 j Ad. Schmidt, in Gie- 
bel’s ^Zeitschr. gesammt. Naturwiss.’ 1866 ; Moquin-Tandon, in his well- 
known history of the French land- and freshwater mollusca ; and Gysser, in 
the list of the shells of Baden, 1863.] 
Helix revelata (F^r.) is probably a young H incarnata or strigella ; but that 
of Michaud is=7£ ponentina (Morelet). Mabille, Journ. Conch, xiv. p. 20. 
Helix. New species from Eastern Asia : — 
Helix primeana and hocageana, Crosse, Journ. Conch, xiv. p. 67, pi. 6. figs. 
3, 4, China ?— 7T. (^Plectotropis) fulvicans, sp. n., H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
1866, p. 316, pi. 33. fig. 2, Tamsui, Formosa. — H. {Camcend) hairdi and swc- 
cincta, sp. n., H. Adams, ibid. 1866, p. 316, pi. 33. figs. 3 & 4, Formosa. [The 
former looks very lilto a specimen of IL luhuana with distorted aperture.].— 
Nanina (Acusta) assimilis, sp. n., H. Adams, ibid. p. 316, pi. 33. fig. 1, Takow, 
Formosa. [The group Acusta^ which has been referred to Nanina by Albers, 
belongs to the true Helix, as the Kecorder convinced himself during his 
visit to China and Japan.]. — H. gysseriana, lorquini, and zoce, Pfr., Moluccas, 
^ovitat. Conchol. pi. 67. 
' o 2 
