254 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. vol, vii. pp. 52-57 (vead 
Nov. 14, 1865). 
t Anatomical. 
CEppinger, Hermann. Her feinere Bau der Spinnorgane von 
Epeira. Eine verglcicliend liistologisclic Untcrsucliung. 
Arcliiv fur mikrosk. Aiiat. Band ii. pp. 1-12, Tafel 1. 
This paper contains a very elaborate description of the silk- 
producing glands of Epeira^ and of the structure of the minute 
tubes of the spinnerets. 
Graffe remarks (Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, xvi. p. 590) upon the 
Araclmida of the Fiji Islands. A large species of Epeirid occurs, forming a 
strong web often 30 feet or more in diameter. Fine large species of Lycosa and 
allied genera are found, and on the coast the net of a Water-Spider attached 
to stones in the sea. A large species of Ixodes lives on the pigs and among 
thickets, attaching itself sometimes to- man and producing much pain and 
a persistent swelling. 
ABANEIDA. 
Menge (Schr. naturf. Ges. in Danzig, Neue Folge, i. 
pp. 21-33) describes the external and internal structure of 
Spiders, the former chiefly with the view of establishing a ter- 
minology. The cephalothorax and abdomen are united by the 
petiolus ; the head, or part bearing the eyes and buccal organs, 
is covered above by the epicranium ; and the surface of the head 
is divided into face {prosopum) , cheeks {genat), forehead (frons), 
and vertex. The eyes require no notice. The falces or chelicera 
are denominated claw -jaws” or mandibles (mandihulce tingu- 
lata or mandihulce) . The sternum bears anteriorly the chin 
{mentum) , which, Avith the tongue, forms the loAver lip [labium) . 
The jointed members have 3 principal joints, a femur or hypo- 
merion, a tibia or mesomerion^ and a tarsus or epimerion. To 
these parts are added a coxa, a trochanter, and a patella. The 
niaxillse constitute the coxee of the palpi, the tarsi of Avhich 
in the $ , dilated into spermatophorous organs, are described 
in great detail. The entire terminal segment of the ^ palpi 
is denominated the club [clava) ; the membranous, usually 
spoon-shaped joint is the cymhium, its cavity is the basin 
(alveolus), and the various organs of transfer constitute the 
sterna. This contains a spiral muscle, and consists of spirally 
twisted basal and apical parts (pars basalts and terminalis) to 
Avhich various horny or membranous plates, teeth, hooks, or 
points are attached. Two of these parts are most essential, 
the spermophore (spermophorum) and the penetrant organ 
[embolus), the passage of which into the vagina of the ? has 
been observed by the author in Tetragnatha and P achy gnat ha. 
The spermophore is membranous, usually linguliform, furnished 
