274 
ZOOLOGICAL LITEllATURE. 
duces as a law that in the same group the force exerted varies 
from species to species in an inverse ratio to their weights. 
CoQUEREL, in some remarks on a paper by Signoret on the in- 
sects [ThripSj Chernies j and Coccus) which Rttack the orange and 
other trees in the south of France, maintains that such insects 
only attack trees and plants in formidable numbers when the 
latter are unhealthy. He refers especially to the insect enemies 
of the sugar-cane in the island of Bourbon. Gervais holds a 
similar opinion ; and Deyrolle recommends the employment of 
sulphurous-acid vapours for the destruction of insects. Bull. 
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, pp. xix-xx. 
E. Graefe publishes (Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, xvi. pp. 
588-589) some observations on the general characteristics of the 
entomology of the Fiji Islands. The Insect-fauna of these 
islands is said to be remarkable for its poverty, and the Coleo- 
ptera especially are very scantily represented. The diurnal Le- 
pidoptera are most plentiful, and . in Samoa the relative abun- 
dance of Lyccenides is remarkable. Of Papilio only 1 species 
occurs [P , godeffroyi, Semper). A Chcerocampa occurs on Colo- 
casia antiquorum j and Sphinx convolvuli is found in Ovalau, an 
island which is particularly rich in leaf-mining Microlepido- 
ptera. Among the Coleoptera the Ccrambycidte and Elateridse 
are most abundantly represented, the Phyllophagous Lamelli- 
cornia and Chrysomelidee are almost entirely deficient. The 
Curculionidje are rather more numerous, and a few littoral Me- 
lasomata occur. The Orthoptera are in proportion the most 
abundant in species and individuals, and include species of 
PhasmidcCy Truxalis, LocustUy and Achetes, The Phynchota 
present a tolerable variety of forms, and especially a number of 
small Cicadaria with variegated wings. Neuroptera are repre- 
sented in about the same proportion as in Europe. The Hy- 
menoptera and Diptera are the poorest orders. There are about 
10 species of Ants and several Ichneumonidce and Fossoria ; but 
the Siricida and Tenthredinidce are entirely wanting. The Di- 
ptera include a Tipula and some Simulice ; the true Muscidce 
are represented only by a single species, resembling our Muscu 
domestica ; and the almost total absence of the members of 
this great order is one of the most remarkable and inexplicable 
phenomena connected with the entomology of these islands. 
Westwood exliibited to tlie Entomological Society a monstrous specimen 
of Pieris pyrrha^ in wliicli the two wings on the left side of the body and 
the fore wing and costa of the hind wing on the right side were coloured as 
in the male, whilst the remainder of the right hind wing was coloured as in 
the female, thus resembling one of the Heliconiida3.” Westwood regarded 
this specimen as affording some ground of opposition to the views lately 
put forth, in connexion with the Darwinian hypothesis, on tlie subject of 
mimetic resemblances auiong insects, and maintained especially by Bates in an 
