444 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
which the larvee feed. The influence of the food-plant appears 
in all cases to he a very important one in determining variations ; 
and the author seems to be almost as much impressed by it as 
Walsh, although he does not carry his conclusions to the same 
length. The causes of variation occupy the whole of this second 
section, the author^s observations being directed more especially 
to the explanation of the changes taking place in Indian species 
during their migration to Australia, and after their settlement in 
that region. In the third and last section of the first division of 
his work (pp. 34-66) Koch enumerates the species occurring in 
both the South- Asiatic and Australian regions, many of which 
present variations consequent upon their ehange of abode, whieh 
have led to their being described as distinct species. These 
are : — 
1. Ornithoptera priamus (Linn.), with vars. richmondia and j^ronotnus 
(Gray), (Feld.), and crcesus (Wall.) j 2. Papilio lycaon (Boisd.)j 
3. P. sarpedon (JAnn.')==choredon (Boisd.) and medon (Feld.) j 4. P. xuthus 
(Linn.) ; 5. P. agamemnon (Linn.) j 6. P. erechtheus (Don.) ; 7. P. epiiis 
(Fo\i.)=sthenelus (MacL.) j 8. philyra (G(o4.)=plexaris (Don.) j 9. P. 
ada (Cram.), Amboyna and New Guinea; 10. P. teutmiia (God.) ; 11. Terias 
hecahe (Linn.) = Aer/a (MacL.); 12. T. egnatia (God.) ; 13. T, Iceta (Boisd.) ; 
14. Callidryas crocale (Linn.); 16. C. alcmeone (Boisd.); 16. C. hilaria 
(Cram.) ; 17. C. pyranthe (Linn.) ; 18. Danais schenkii (Koch, sp. n.) ; 19. 
1). melissa (Qod.)=£uplcea hamata (MacL.); 20. P. chionippej offinis 
(Hiibn,) ; 21. D. chrysippus (God.), vars. alcippus (Boisd.) and ? petilia 
(Stoll); 22. D. darchia (MacL.) (Erichs.) (Fab.); 23. 
P., or ope (Boisd.) ; 24. Argynnis niphe (Linn.) ; 26. Vanessa car dm (Linn.) 
[its general distribution indicated]; 26. Junonia orithya (Linn.); 27. J, 
vellida (Fab.) ; 28. J. ida (Cram.); 29. Limenitis heliodora (Cram.) ; 30. Dia- 
DEMA lasinassa (Fab.), with vars. auge, melita, antigone, and proserpina 
(Cram.) ; 31. P. alimena (Linn.) ; 32. Charaxes semptronius (Fab.) =pyrrhus 
(Cram.), tyrtceus (Feld.), and Jasia australis (Swains.) ; 33. Cyllo hanksia 
(Fab.) ; 34. Lasiommata achanta (Don.) ; 35. Mycalesis remulia (Cram.) ; 
36. Messaras lampetie (Gvm\.)=ierymanthis (J)i\xrj)=susanna (MacL.); 
37. Lyc^na xanthospilos (Hiibn.) ; 38. L. damaetes ? (Fab.) ; 39. L. hcetica 
(Ochs.) ; 40. Hesperia ladon (Cram.) ; 41. Nyctalemon orontes (Cram.) ; 
42. Nyctemera lactinea (Cram.) ; 43. Euchromia irus (Cram.); 44. Ma- 
CROGLOSSA ctmninghami (Boisd.) ; 45. M. hylas, var. ; 46. CuiEROCAMPA ce- 
(Linn.) ; 47. C. phoenix (H..Sch..)=vigil (Deless.) ; 48. C. oldenlandice 
(Fab.) ; 40. C. scrofa (Boisd.) ; 60. C. erotus (Cram.) ; 61. Sphinx convolmdi 
(Lmn.) = roseafasciata (Scott); 52. Deiopeia ptdchella (Linn.); 63. P. duds 
(Walk.) ; 54. P. syringa (Cram.) ; 55. Aloa lactinea (Cram.) ; 66. Hypsa 
silvandra (Cram.) ; 57. P. borbonica (Boisd.) ; 58. Pitane lydia (Don.) ; 
59. ? P. medestina (Walk.) ; 60. Oiketicus doubledaii (Westw.) ; 61. Atta- 
cus cynthia (D’Aubent.) ; 62. Ophidores fidlonica (JJmn.)==pmnona (Cram.) ; 
63. O. cajeta (Seba) ; 64. O. salaminia (Cram.); 65. Lagoptera magica 
(Iliibn.) ; 66. L. honesta (Hiibn.) ; 67. Cooytoides ccerulea (Gu^r.) ; 68. Spi- 
RAMA retorta (Linn.), with many vars. ; 69. Aciijea melicerta (Drury) ; 70. A. 
mercatoria (Fcih.) Midywe tigrina) 71. Trigonodes cephise {0mm.) ) 72. 2\ 
