LEPIDOPTERA. 
445 
hypasia (Cram.) ; 73. Opiiiodes tirrlicca (Cram.) ; 74. Opiiiusa achatina 
(Cram.) ; 76. O. algira (Linn.) ; 76. Abrostola transjixa (Walk.) ; 77. He- 
EiOTiiis peltigera (W., V.) ; 78. K. marginata (Kleni.) ; 79. Grammodes 
mygdon (Cram.) ; 80. Prodina retina (Friv.) ; 81. Catagramma f estiva 
(Don.). 
Koch also mentions (/.c. p.59) that he possesses several species 
of Euploea and Theda, and of Noduce, from Queensland, which 
he believes to be identical with species from the Indian archipe- 
lago, and he also notices some Lyccence and Hesperice about 
which he is not eertain. He believes the number of species 
common to the two regions and known to him to be more than 
100. In an appendix (/. c, pp. 60-63), referring especially to 
Felder^s Species Lepidopterorum &c.^^ (see ' Record,^ 1864, 
p. 476), Koch enlarges his list of varieties of Ornithoptera pri- 
amus, refers P, lycaon and evemon (Boisd.) and jason (Linn.) to 
P. eurypilus (Linn.), and cites from Felder’s eatalogue as fur- 
ther examples of Indo- Australian distribution ; — P. canopus 
.) = hipponous (Feld.); P. ulysses iJAmi.) — teligonus 
(Feld.) ; P. deiphobus (Linn.) = deiphilus (Feld.) ; and P. hedor 
(Linn.). P. polydorus (Linn.) is also noted as a doubtful 
species. 
In the third great division of his work, Koeh developes his 
views upon the general geographical distribution of the Lepi- 
doptera upon the surface of the earth, in which he maintains, as 
already stated, that we may distinguish three great faunas the 
European, including Africa and the arctic regions ; the Indian 
or South Asiatic, including the warmer parts of Asia, Malasia, 
Polynesia, and Australia ; and the American. He indicates, in 
the first place, that the distribution of plants and the form of 
the land are the chief factors in determining the distribution, at 
all events, of phytophagous insects. The characteristics of each 
of the great divisions are then discussed in separate sections, 
both with regard to their climatal and other natural peculiarities 
and to their Lepidopterous inhabitants. Europe is said to be 
the region of the genera Argynnis, Mditcea, Thais, Lyccena, Sa- 
tyrus, Zygcena, Deilephila, and the Noduce generally ; Africa the 
region of the genera Anthodiaris, Acrcea, Char axes, and Romaleo- 
soma ; the South Asiatic or Indian fauna is characterized by 
the genera Ornithoptera, Danais, Euploea, Limenitis, Adolias, 
Diadema, and Parnassius, whilst the Australian subregion gives 
Antipodites, Agarista, Hecatesia, Synemon, Teara, Opsirhina, and 
Oiketicus ; and America is the region of the true Papiliones, the 
Pieridce, Heliconidoe, Nymphalidee, Satyritce, Erycinitce, Lymnitce 
(especially Theda) , and Hesperidce, and of the genera Castnia, 
Glaucopis, Euchromia, and Hyperchiria, Africa, however, al- 
though represented as belonging to the European or what may 
be called the western Old-World” region, espeeially as regards 
its northern portion, shows strong Indian affinities in the Lepi- 
