448 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
. Hoogeveen mentions the injury done to tlie cocoa-nut palm at Kadoe and 
other places in Java by a small caterpillar, which devours the entire leaves, 
so that only the stalks remain. No determination of the insect is given. 
Natuurk. Tijdschr. voor Nederl. Indie, xxviii. p. 433. 
S. A. Davis refers to variations occurring in several species of Lepidoptera, 
namely, Pieris napi (dwarf), Lyccena argiolusj Polyommatus phloeas, Smerhi’- 
thus populi (albino). Piston hirtarius (wingless S ), Poarmia repandata^ and 
Ilibmiia proyemmaria. Ent. M. Mag. ii. pp. 210-211. 
Varieties of several species 6f Lepidoptera are noticed by W. Ingall, Ent. 
M. Mag. ii. p. 262. 
Jordan publishes a note on double-brooded insects, in which he indicates 
the effect of warmth and an abundant supply of food in hastening their deve- 
lopment. He also refers to the probable influence of light upon the colour- 
ing of insects. Ent. M. Mag. iii. p. 21. 
C, G. Barrett publishes some observations on the hybernation of various 
species of Lepidoptera in the interior of an unoccupied building. The insects 
particularly noticed are Vanessa urticce and Gonoptera libatrix ; they began to 
take up their position as early as the 11th August, and continued in many 
cases quite motionless throughout the autumn, although specimens of the 
moth and the autumn brood of the Vanessa were flying about freely out of 
doors. Ent. M. Mag. ii. pp. 190-191. 
A discussion of the question whether males or females are the flrst to 
emerge from the pupa has been carried on in the Entomologist, vol. iii. by J. 
Greene (pp. 21-23, 53-67), II. Doubleday (pp. 36-36, 69-70), P. Andrews 
(pp. 36-38), J. S. Dell (pp. 38-39), J. Memn (pp. 60-62), E. Horton (pp. 52- 
53), G. E. Crotch (pp. 67-08), R. S. Edleston (pp. 68-69), E. II. Todd 
(pp. 69 & 187), H. Moncreaff (pp. 70-71), C. S. Gregson (pp. 85-86), W. 
Machin (pp. 86 & 187-188), W. Johnson (pp. 86-87), N. 0. Tuely (p.87). 
H. Moncreaff remarks on the development of the wings in Lepidoptera, 
and especially on the bag-like appearance presented by them when half ex- 
panded. Entomologist, iii. p. 39. 
E. Hallett Todd records the expansion of the wings in specimens of 
Pcecilocampa populi and Petasia cassinea after a considerable interval of time, 
when the insects had been removed from the broken pupa-cases. Entomo- 
logist, iii. pp. 6-7. 
Eudes-Deslongchamps publishes (Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. x. pp. 30-36) a 
note on a specimen of Sph^ria robertsii from New Zealand in his possession, 
and also a description of another species of Sphceria^ also attacking caterpil- 
lars, and received by him from Mantchouria. The latter caterpillar is smaller 
than that from New Zealand j and its parasite is much larger in proportion, 
and shorter and thicker. It appears to be identical with the well-known 
Chinese species. 
Newman describes and flgures (Entomologist, iii. pp. 74-76) some larvae, 
which he believes to belong to Ilepialus lupulinus, occupied by a Sphceria, 
and having in some cases a capitate column springing from behind the liead 
in the manner of those from China and New Zealand. The specimens were 
obtained near Biggleswade, in wet clay, amongst the underground stems of 
Tussilago farfara. 
H. Landois (Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xvi. pp. 133-134) recommends the use 
of collodion for transferring the coloured scales of Lepidoptera to paper, so as 
