606 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
I. Having obliquely crossing muscular fibres. 1. Trematoda. 2. Dendro- 
coda. 3. Hirudinea. 4. Onychophora. 
II. Wanting obliquely crossing muscular fibres. 6. Cestoidea. 6. Bhah- 
docoda. 
Cestoidea. 
Krabbe (Recliercbes Helmintbologiques en Danemark et en Islande) gives 
important statistical details upon the prevalence of several species of this 
order in the intestines of dogs and cats in Copenhagen and in Iceland, and 
also communicates his observations on the hydatid disease in the latter 
country (see p. 604). He likewise discusses the characters and natural history 
of the various species of Cestoid worms observed by him, namely : — Tcenia 
marginata (Batsch), pp. 3 & 21, pi. 2. figs. 4-6 (cephalic hooks), & pi. 4. 
fig. 60 (segments) ; T. ccenurus (Ktich.), pp. 5 & 21, pi. 2. figs. 7-9 (hooks), 
& pi. 4. fig. 61 (segments) ; T. scrrata (Goeze), p. 6, pi. 2. figs. 10-12 (hooks), 
& pi. 4. fig. 62 (segments) ; T. echinococcus (Sieb.), pp. 8-11 & 21, pi. 3, figs. 
13-66 (hooks), and pi. 7. fig. 106 (ovum) ; T. cucumerina (Bud.), pp. 11-12 
& 22 ; T. crassicollis (Bud.), pp. 18 & 39, pi. 1. figs. 1-3 (hooks), & pi. 4. 
fig. 63 (segments) ; T. elliptica (Bud.), p. 18 j and T. canis lagopodis (Bud.), 
pp. 22-27 y pi. 4. figs. 64-71, and pi. 6. figs. 72-74 (structure) *& pi. 7. fig. 107 
(ovum) ; BothriocephaluSy sp. indet. in the dog, p. 13, pi. 6. figs. 96-100 (struc- 
ture) } B.felis (Creplin), p. 19, pi. 6. figs. 76-79 (structure), and pi. 7. fig. 109 
(ovum) ; and a new species {vide infril). In connexion with the undo- 
terinined species of Bothrioc&phalus Krabbe discusses the characters ofB. 
lotus (Bud.), ova figured pi. 7. figs. 110-111, and B. cordatus, and further 
notices B. cordatus (Leuck.), p. 33, pi. 7. figs. 114-116 (ova), and B. phocarum 
(Fab.), p. 36, pi. 7. figs. 101-105 (structure), and fig. 117 (ovum). He also 
figures hooks of Tcenia murinUy referred to on pp. 39-40, pi. 3. figs. 66-69, and 
its ovum, pi. 7. fig. 108. 
Knock (/. c.) gives an account of his researches into the development of 
Bothriocephalus prohoscideus, and arrives at the following conclusions 
(p. 309) : — that if the embryos from ova of the broad tapeworm be directly 
introduced into the intestines of any mammal, they never wander about from 
it into the different organs of the body, as the embryos of Teenies do, but 
they undergo in the intestines all their stages of development up to the Scolex 
stage, and then, without any stop, to maturity. The author’s experiments 
in this respect would appear to be in wonderful accord with those under- 
taken by very many of the earlier investigators of this subject; and from 
them the suspicion of Kuchenmeister and others, that the larva lives in fresh- 
water snails or fish, or is devoured by people in various sorts of fruits and 
vegetables, would appear to be, a prioriy improbable. 
Fleming mentions the great prevalence of tapeworm in Birmingham, 
and appears to attribute its frequency to the great quantity of measly pork 
eaten in that town (Bep. Brit. Assoc. 1866, p. 106). Cobbold combats the 
opinion so frequently held that pork was the chief source of human tape- 
worms, and shows that the Tcenia mediocanellata is more frequent in this 
countr}" than the T. solium. Ibid. p. 102. 
The occurrence of 12 large examples of Echinococciis containing Scoleces in 
the liver of a woman is described by Sommerbrodt. Jahresber. schles. 
Gesellsch. fiir vaterl. Cultur, 1866, p. 169. 
