648 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
spines or cilia, surpassing in length the diameter of the envelope, and fixed in 
the openings by their broad extremities. No central capsule. The central 
soft mass, enclosed by the envelope, sends out bands of protoplasm, which are 
in part fastened to the walls of the envelope, and in part protrude from the 
openings, spreading out from the flexible spines without appearing exactly to 
be pseudopodia. C. ciliosa is the only species known, found at Messina and 
Naples. 
Amoeha. The following new forms are described by Greeff (/. c.) : — 
A. terricola, sp. n., p. 302, pi. 17, found in earth or sand. The body is of a 
much tougher or more tenacious consistency than in the aquatic Amcehce ; the 
movements are much more vigorous. It can be best examined under water 
and covered with thin glass. Tlie nucleus is very well seen in this species, 
and it has the same strange appendage that is met with in Amoeba villosa. The 
description of this species and of its development opens up quite a new field to 
the worker among the Ithizopods. A. bravqfeSy sp. n., p. 321, Taf. 18. fig. 17, 
found in company with the previous species. — A. ffranifera, sp. n., p. 322, 
Taf. 18. fig. 20, found on one occasion in damp sand, about the roots of 
grasses. — A. gracilis^ sp. n., p. 322, Taf. 18. fig. 21, a little worm-like 
Amoeba. 
Ampkizonella, g. n., Greeff, 1. c. p. 323. Allied to Amoeba ; about 0-15 millim. 
in diameter j outer wall hyaline, enclosing a fine violet-coloured inner body. 
Nucleus round, soft, consisting of a hyaline shell suiTOunding a space filled 
with round solid bodies, which are probably developed into young Amphi- 
zanellce. Pseudopodia thick, finger-like. A. violacea^ sp. n., p. 323, Taf. 18. 
figs. 12-15. — A. digitata^ sp. n., p. 328, fig. 18. — A.Jlava, sp. n., p. 329, fig. 19. 
Arcella arenana, sp. n., p. 330, fig. 16, found in sand, under moss, &c. 
IV. GEEGARINIDA. 
Lankester suggests that it is to the life-history of the pseudonaviculae of 
the Gregarinida that we must look for the discovery of a true sexual repro- 
duction in these animals ; he mentions having met with a specimen of Mono~ 
cystis lumbrici'ouQ-Mi\\ of an inch in length. The investing membrane of 
the Gregarinida cannot be regarded as double, but simply as a dense layer of 
the same sarcodic material which forms the whole creature. 
Adolph HObner, of Moscow, has discovered certain forms of Gregarince 
living in decaying timber ; jointly with Lindemann he has watched the de- 
velopment of some of these forms, and in this preliminary notice the author 
arrives at the following conclusions : — (1) All Qregarince are not parasitic ; 
(2) one and the same species may sometimes undergo its complete develop- 
ment while in the body of a living animal, and sometimes while in a piece of 
decaying timber ; (3) they are sometimes met with in the human body, and 
sometimes living on the human hair. Lindemann inclines to believe that 
the Monocystidse are much more nearly related to the vegetable than to the 
animal kingdom. Further details of the new species described in this paper, 
to be accompanied with figures, are promised. 
Neumann records the existence of Psorospermia in the epithelium of the 
alimentary tract of dogs. Archiv f. mikrosk. Anatomie, Ed. ii. 4 Heft, 1866, 
pp. 512, 513. 
Proteus tenax (Mull.)= Distigma tenax (Ehrb. sp.) belongs to the Gregari- 
