MAMMALIA. 
11 
being less strongly pro sthenic tlian Carnivores,, and the 
species of the larger and most characteristic group being 
“ metasthenic” 3. In the structure (skeleton and fleshy cover- 
ing) being strongly amplificatey^ the herbivorous species having 
either the structure enlarged beyond the type-size for the 
amount of systemic force (gross amplification), or exhibiting an 
increased proportional length of the body and its members 
(long amplification) . 4. In the head being prolonged or ampli- 
ficate. 5. In the extremely wide variations as to size and shape 
under the type, and the occurrence of bizarre features. 6. In 
the forehead, in very many species, being perverted to serve for 
defence or attack, &c. 7. In the typical species being elliptic 
(deficient through abnormal weakness) as regards one or more 
of the four types of teeth. 8. In being prematurative in develop- 
ment, the young animals having the power of sight and locomo- 
tion almost as soon as born. On the whole, the vegetative force 
in Herbivores is far less under systemic control than in Carni- 
vores. The Carnivores may be styled a tight type, the Herbi- 
vores remarkably a loose one. 
Prof. Dana regards the Herbivorous Cetaceans as a ^^Uro- 
sthenic aquatic division of the Herbivora; their superiority 
to the Cetaceans proper (Mutilata) is exhibited in their having 
the nostrils never defunctionated to blowholes, in never being 
multiplicate as to the number of bones of the extremities and of 
teeth, in never being so elementalized as to the teeth that the 
distinction into the different types (molars, &c.) is lost, and, 
finally, in having the primary potential centre (brain) never 
abnormally remote from the anterior extremity. 
The classification itself of the Herbivores, gained by the 
further application of the principle of cephalization, is expressed 
in the following synopsis : 
I. Sthenorhines. Prosthenic. Snout serving as a power-organ, usually 
elongated. Gross-amplificate, rarely long-amplificate in extinct species. 
Horns, when any, proceeding from the exoskeleton alone, nasal. 
A. Proboscideans. Snout an organ of digital as well as brachial prehen- 
sion. Imparidigitate. 
1. Elephantids. 
2. Dinotherids (?). 
B. Tapirideans. Snout imperfectly, or not at all, prehensile. Impari- 
digitate. 
1. Ehinocerotids — having a nasal horn. 
2. Tapiroids — without a nasal horn. Snout elongate, often imperfectly 
prehensile. 
a. Tapirids. b. Pala3otherids. 
3. Ilyracids — without a nasal horn. Snout not elongate. 
C. Suideans. Snout elongate, hut not at all prehensile. Paridigitate. 
1. Suids. 
2. Hippopotamids. 
