MAMMALIA. 
29 
and Dr. Sclater, the former being, moreover, of opinion that 
Dr. Fitzinger has not had for examination the pure breed of 
Ccntw'iosus, but a cross-breed with tlie common European pig. 
'^Porcula taivana (Svvinhoe) appears to be a very doubtful species; it ought 
to be referred to and requires further comparison with Sus levcomystnx 
(Sclileg.). Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, pp. 381 & 382. 
Phacochoerus (Eliani. Prof. Ilyrtl describes retia mirabilia in the extremi- 
ties. Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1864, xxii. p. 143. 
Hyrax capensis. Prof. Ilyrtl describes retia mirabilia in the extremities. 
Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1864, xxii. p. 140. 
IIUMINANTIA. 
One of tlie most important contributions to tlie knowledge of 
Mammals which we have to record during this year is the 
memoir on the Musk-deer (Chevrotains) by M. A. Milne-Ed- 
wards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1864, ii. pp. 49-167. The author treats 
his subject most exhaustively, and has diligently collected and 
critically examined the whole literature relating to it. He fully 
describes the zoological characters, enters into the anatomy as 
far as the materials of the collections of Paris, Leyden, and 
London allow, compares the peculiarities of the anatomical 
structure with those of allied groups of Ruminantia, and, finally, 
examines the fossil remains which justly or erroneously have 
been referred to this group. He is inclined to reduce consider- 
ably the number of species ; and we fully concur with M. Milne- 
Edwards when slight external differences are not accompanied 
by osteological characters. He has had many opportunities of 
examining the skeletons, or at least the skulls ; and with such 
materials it appears less hazardous to declare certain species to 
be mere varieties, as recent investigations into the osteology of 
other groups of Mammalia have revealed unexpected and well- 
marked characters between individuals which externally are very 
similar to one another. The paper is accompanied by eleven 
plates, two of which contain coloured figures of the different 
species, whilst the others are devoted to parts of the skeletons 
and to the internal organs. On one plate the brain of several 
species is figured. 
The following are the main points of M. Milne-Edwards^s 
memoir : — 
1. He admits three genera ; 3Ioschus, Trayuhis (including Meminna, Gray), 
and 77y<®mosc7ms (Gray). 
2. The ^enus Moschm has one species only, 31. moscliiferus. 
3. Trayuhis is distinguished by having the median metacarpals united into 
a cannon bone ; the intermaxillaries are in contact with the nasal bones. To 
this genus belong T.javanicus (Pall.), T. napu (Raffles), T. kanchil (Raffles) 
including T. pygmeeus (Gray), T. stanleyanus (Gray), and T, meminna 
(Erxl.). ' 
