138 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
This theory is adopted by Dr. Malmgren, who belieyes that 
not only the three species of fishes named, hut also Cottus 
scorpius, Cyclopterus lumpus, Zoarces viviparus, Gadus morrhua, 
and perhaps also Pleuronectes flesus are remnants of the former 
glacial marine fauna, and not the' produce of an immigration 
from the German Ocean through the Sound. 
[It would appear to the Recorder that the evidence brought 
forward to prove a former continuity of a part of the Finnish 
fauna with that of the Glacial Ocean is very conclusive, and we 
have therein an instance analogous to the well-known identity 
of a part of the marine faunas of both sides of the Isthmuses 
of Panama and Suez. But the supposition of a former con- 
tinuity of the seas does not suffice to explain all the cases in 
which we observe a discontinuity of the species at the present 
period. A number of marine forms found in the Mediterranean 
and in the West-Indian Islands occur again in Japan, without 
the slightest trace of their ever having been met with in the 
intermediate seas. One species of Cyttus occurs in Madeira, 
the other in Van Diemen^s Land. It would be a bold suppo- 
sition, and difficult to believe, that a continuity of the fauna 
between those remote points existed at a former period, and 
that, for instance, the Lophotes and Centriscus of the Mediter- 
ranean and of Japan are the descendants of one and the same 
widely spread species. There is another point, to which we 
must direct particular attention, viz. that all the Scandinavian 
species believed to be of arctic origin, and to have survived under 
greatly altered circumstances from the time of the Glacial 
period, have not changed their specific characters, still agreeing 
with their forefathers in every point, except in size.] 
After these introductory remarks the author passes to an 
enumeration of the species, a part of which are described ; these 
and others, the knowledge of which has been advanced by 
original observations, will be mentioned below. A part of the 
synonymy of each species is added, but we observe with regret 
that 'it is not compiled with impartiality: Yarrell and Couch, 
whose works are of a popular character, and ought not to be 
judged according to the standard of strictly scientific publica- 
tions, are repeatedly denounced for their insufficient descriptions 
and bad figures, whilst Kroyer^s wretched copies are allowed to 
pass scot free. 
Cooper, J. G. On new genera and species of California Fishes. 
No. I. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sc. hi. 1863, November 
(pp. 70-77, with figures) ; No. II. ibid. December (pp. 93- 
97) ; No. III. 1864, January (pp. 108- )*. 
Garrett, A. Descriptions of new species of Fishes. Proc. 
* See note, p. 139. 
