•246 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Class BRAOHIOPODA. 
>D^slongOh’amps^ Eudes. Reclierohes sur rorganisation du man- 
>teau chez les Brachiopodes articules^et principalement sur 
les spicules calcaires ‘ eontenus dans son interieur. Caen^ 
1364. 4to^ pp. 36, with 3 plates. 
^The maintle of the Brachiopods has not only the function of 
a matrix of the shell, hut also participates in the functions of 
respiration, circulation, and even. generation; it is composed of 
two laminse;, the one being attached to the shell and apophyses, 
whilst the other adheres to the former and forms a coat for the 
arms. The two lobes of the mantle, which correspond to the 
valves of the shell, are united at the' base of the peduncle only, 
where they form the visceral cavity. 
Calcareous spicula are found in the larger blood-vessels of 
most genera, and their form and size are characteristic for each 
genus. They are most developed in Thecidium y\i\ Kraussina 
they retain, during the whole life of the animal, the same form 
which we observe in young individuals of the other genera. 
They are absent in Lingula ■ and Rhynchonella, and they are 
replaced* by an amorphous calcareous substance deposited in the 
mantle in Terebratella and Waldheimia. 
F. Palaeontology of Recent Species. 
We intend to notice briefly under this head some facts con- 
cerning certain fossil species which are regarded as identical 
with living shells,* biit which are not now found in the regions 
formerly * inhabited by them. Thus, for instance. Cyclostoma 
elegans has been found in Jutland in a subfossil state (Morch, 
Syn. Moll. Dan. p. 57), and the nearest locality where it is 
known to live is Cassel in Germany. Another example is 
' Cyrena' (Corbicula) fluminalis (Miill. sp ), found on the banks of 
the Irtish, near Omsk in Siberia, with other apparently fossil 
"Shells, and described * by ‘ the ' Recorder in the ‘ Zeitschrift der 
deutsbhcn ' geologischen Gesellschaft in Berlin,^ 1864, p. 348 
(with figure) ; the nearest locality of the living shell is the 
southern shore of the Caspian Sea. 
Angelin,' N. P. Subfossile snackar i Skane. Q5fvers.' Vet. Akad. 
' Forhandl. (1863) Stockh. 1864, p. 345. 
, [Subfossil shells in Scania, a province in Sweden.] 
Litorina litorea emdi Cai'dium edule diXQ found inland, at a 
distance of about one-fourth of a Swedish mile from the sea. 
G. Nomenclature. 
At the conclusion of our Record we have to mention some 
publications in ^whicR the authors protest against abuses of the 
