254 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
which have been characterized in previous memoirs. These six 
genera, with other doubtful or interesting forms, are made the 
subject of remark in a series of supplementary comments. The 
paper concludes with anatomical descriptions, from the author^s 
original notes, of the two new genera of Salpians. 
Remarks on known genera : — 
Cynthia, C amir a, Molyula. The two last may bo synonyms of one and 
the same genus,” with which Cynthia, as defined by Fleming (with tha 
character of ^ Tentacula compound ’), is probably identical. Cynthia proper, 
like Ascidium, has simple tentacles and a rudimentary liver. 
Diazona. Is not this genus, resembling Synthetys in structure, ^^more 
closely related to the social than to the compound Tunicata ” ? 
Syncecium and Siduyum. As it is not certain whether these genera have 
an intercommunicating palliovascular system, their place among the Bo- 
tryllians remains doubtful. 
Neio genera : — 
Polyclinoides, Macdonald. Allied to Botryllus. Ascidiarium thin, encrust- 
ingj abdomen distinct j genitalia pedunculate, forming a post-abdomen j 
branchial orifice conspicuously elevated, six-lobed \ cloaca having its superior 
margin much reduced, with its extremity three-lobed (not simple, as in Bo- 
tryllus). From Polyclinum the genus differs in its more strictly Botry Ilian 
habit and intercommunicating palliovascular system. Australia. 
Pyrosomopsis, Macdonald. Ascidiarium including seven zooids, arranged 
after the manner of those in the first-formed circle of Pyrosoma, ‘Eradiating, 
with their posterior extremities approximated near the centre, and enveloped 
in a common membrane, like a medusiforin discj ” zodids resembling those of 
Salpa. Southern Seas. 
Orthocoala (= Salpa pinnata) , Macdonald. Differs from Salpa in its “intes- 
tine extended directly forwards from a caecum-like proventiiculus. The 
anus, and with it the ejaculatory duct, opening near the branchial orifice.” 
Various localities. 
New species : — 
Grube (pp. 50-66) describes tliirty-two species of Tunicates 
from the shores of Lossini, of wliich four are new ; figures of 
these are given : — 
Phallusia fumigata, Gr. ; Didemnium variolosmn, Qr. j jD. gyrosum, Gr. j 
Botryllus baeri, Gr. 
A. Stimpson describes five new Tunicates from Puget Sound. 
Cynthia haustor, Stimpson j C. gibsii, S. C. coriacea, S. } C. villosa, S. j 
Chelyosoma producta, S. 
A. Valenciennes, on the authority of Becquerel, states that 
a frigate, laid up for several months in the harbour of Toulon, 
had her wooden keel overgrown with countless masses of Ascidia 
clavata, Guv. 
