256 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
EsCHARIDiE. 
Alder is disposed to regard Htmeschara of Busk as only a 
peculiar state of an Eschara, and which some species have more 
tendency to assume than others."’^ The same Polyzoon (e. g. 
Eschara pavonella) may be a Lepralia, an Hemeschara, and an 
Eschara at different stages of its existence. 
Quadricellaria (jracilis (Sars), a Norwegian and Shetland form, is identical 
with Onchopora borealis of Busk. This species possesses curiously modified 
avicularia, not recognized by Sars. Busk reminds Alder that Sars’s generic 
name is preoccupied (Alder, p. 101). 
Eschara Icevis (Fleming). This species has the general aspect of a Cellepora, 
in which genus it was placed by Fleming. Sars shows it to be a true Eschara. 
It is quite distinct from Cellepora ramulosaj but includes the E. teres of Busk 
(Alder, p. 102). 
Eschara landsborovii (Johnston), was at first mistaken by Alder for a var. 
of E. foliacea. To others it has hitherto been known, in its young encrusting 
state only, as the Lepralia landsborooii of Johnston. In its intermediate con- 
dition it completely puts on the featiu-es of Hemeschara (Alder, p. 105). 
New genera and species : — 
Pahnicellariaf Alder (p. 100). Polyzoary erect, calcareous, inarticulate, 
cylindrical, smooth, branching dichotomously j cells disposed in four longitu- 
dinal alternate series, those in the two opposite series being on the same level j 
apertures circular, opening vertically, within a slight concavity, with a broad, 
projecting, palmate expansion in front, bearing an avicularium j ovicells un- 
known. This genus differs from Cellepora in its simpler structure and more 
regular cells ; from Quadricellaria, in the form and position of its apertures. 
It contains one species, P. elegans, the most boreal of all the peculiarly British 
forms of Polyzoa. 
Eschara lorea, Alder (p. 104). A delicate species, Avith rather large cells, 
allied to E. saccaia of Busk. 
Eschara pavonella, Alder (p. 106), is distinct from E. cribraria of Johnston, 
under Avhich name it has been well figured by Busk (Micr. Jomm. vol. iv. 
p. 311, pi. 10. figs. 7, 9). 
Cyclostomata. 
lOMONEIDiE. 
Horner a borealis (Busk), a crag species, is also a recent member of the 
British fauna, and differs, particularly in its ovicells, from II. frondiculata 
(Alder p. 108). 
DiASTOPORIDiE. 
Diastopora sarniensis, sp ,n., Norman (p. 89), who contrasts it with D. obelia. 
