468 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
CHALCIDIDiE. 
Walker (Exit. Trans. 1. c. p. 207) proposes the name Eudoxinna for the 
genus of Chalcidites described by him under that of Sosxetra in Ent. Trans. 
3rd series, vol. i. p. 370, the latter name having been used by himself for a 
genus of Lepidoptera at p. 84 of the same volume. 
Lucas describes Torymm obsoletus (Fab.) as the parasite of Lophyt'us pini. 
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fi\ 4® serie, tome iv. p. 216. 
Walker (Trans. Ent. Soc. 3rd series, vol. ii. pp. 181-206) has described 
44 new species of the genus Smiera, all collected by Bates in the valley of 
the Amazons. Many of the species appear to be very nearly allied. Their 
names are as follows : Smiera concitata, certa (p. 183) ; e^cta^ contacta (p. 
184) ; dedinata (p. 185) ; crocatUf appresm (p. 186) ; apcrta, cerina (p. 187) ; 
basilica, composita (p. 188) ; admixta, defuncta (p. 189) j adaptata (p. 190) ; 
correcta, exinaniens (p. 191) j scissa, cemida (p. 192) j adsita, attalica (p. 193) j 
contermina (p. 194) commoda, alienata (p. 195) ; dimota, disposita (p. 196) j 
expUta, descripta (p. 197) ; exhauriens, adjuncta (p. 198) j blanda, vacillans 
(p. 199) ; terminalis, cequalis (p. 200) ; contributa, celsa (p. 201) ; detracta, 
annuUfera (p. 202) ; depicta (p. 203) ; annexa, cognata (p. 204) j demota, ap- 
parata (p. 205) j deducta and attacta (p. 206). 
ChcUds ewytomoides, sp. n., Walker, Ent. Trans. 1. c. p. 207, from the 
Ama^oiis Valjey, 
Pteromalus macronychivorus, sp. n., Perez, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4® s^r. 
tome iii, p. 631-635, pi. 14. figs, 16-20. 
SiphoHurq gaUce quercus, sp. n,, L. Duf. Ann. Soc. Ent. F. 4*^ s^rie, tome iv. 
p. 214, bred from the galls of Diplolepis geniculata (Duf.). 
CvNIPIRiE. 
Walsh (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vol. ii. pp. 443-462) has pub- 
lished some interesting observations leading to the conclusion 
that dimorphism occurs extensively in this family. In 1861 
and 1862 Osten-Sacken described two species of Cynips, inha- 
biting perfectly similar galls on the Black Oak (Quercus tinc- 
toria), under the names of Cynips quercus spongifica and C. 
aciculata. The latter form occurs only in autumn and winter, 
and only in the female sex ; the former is met with in spring, 
and occurs of both sexes. 
The galls, which present no perceptible difference, are deve- 
loped upon the Black Oak in the spring simultaneously with the 
leaves, and no new galls make their appearance during the 
summer. When the galls are collected in May, about a half of 
them produce gall-flies, of the form C. q. spongifica of both 
sexes, in the month of June; the remainder, if preserved, pro- 
duce females of C. aciculata in October and November, and a 
few in the following spring. From these facts and a long series 
of observations Walsh comes to the conclusion that C. aciculata 
is merely a second or dimorphous form of C. q. spongifica, not- 
withstanding the great differences, even of structure, which seem 
