470' 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
rounded, truncate only when the terminal segments are retracted, joints 4-7 
being each vertically narrower than the preceding one. Ifabits, so far as 
known, gallivorous. 
Figitidas. Venter retracted within abdomen, with the suture below barely 
perceptible, entirely internal and invisible in (S except a minute portion of its 
tip, entirely so in $ except the tip of the terminal joint, which is homy, 
vertically flattened, and acutely angular, and in close conjunction with the 
similarly shaped terminal dorsal joint forms an angular horny borer. Con- 
cealed between the doi-sal and ventral pieces of this borer lie the ovipositor 
in its sheaths. Sheaths of ovipositor horizontally porrect. Tip of (S abdo- 
men trmicate, joints 4-7 being each vertically nearly as wide as the pre- 
ceding one, except that joint 7 is often excised below, and shows underneath 
it a small portion of the tip of the last ventral. Habits^ as far as known, 
insectivorous. 
Walsh remarks that in both families the abdomen in the 
imago has but a single pair of stigmata, situated at the base of 
the seventh segment. He also states that Ibalia belongs to the 
Cynipida (as restricted above), and does not form the type of a 
distinct family as Reinhardt supposes, and describes a new 
generic form [Tribalta) intei-mediate between Oynips and Ibalia. 
The author further enters upon a desciiption of the anatomical 
structure and homologies of the Cynipidaj, and especially of the 
intricate and difficult anatomy of the abdomen and ovipositor. 
The characters of the subfamilies of Cynipidse (restricted) are 
given by Walsh as follows (/. c. pp. 477, 478) 
Subfam. Psemdes (True Gall-flies). Wings vs^ith the second transverse 
vein so bent or incurved towards their base that the areolet is opposite the 
base of the radial area. Radial area scarcely ever closed by a prolongation of 
the costal vein. Sheaths of the ovipositor scarcely ever projecting beyond 
the tip of the dorsal valve. Ovipositor scarcely ever projecting from between 
the tips of the sheaths, 
Subfam. Inquilince (Guest Gall-flies). Wings with the second transverse 
vein so straight that the areolet is nearly opposite the middle of the radial 
area. Radial area almost always more or less closed by a prolongation of 
the costal vein. Sheaths of the ovipositor always projecting more or less 
beyond the dorsal valve, generally projecting greatly. Ovipositor almost 
always projecting from between the tips of the sheaths. 
Of this second subfamily Walsh characterizes the following 
three genera, to which he fefers all the species of Guest Gall- 
flies observed by him in Illinois : — 
Synophrus (1, c, p. 479). Antennte <5 15-jointed, $ 14-jointed or 13- 
jointed, with the last joint long. Thorax glabrous before the seutellum j 
scutellum rugose. Pleura with a large highly polished spot under the wings. 
Abdominal peduncle rather indistinct, simple, and truncate-conical, widest 
behind. Second abd. segment forming nearly or quite the entire abdomen 
exclusive of peduncle. 
(1. c. p. 479). Aut. cf 16-jointed, $ 12-joiuted, last joint twice 
