488 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Kirkpatrick has given a List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera found in the 
vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio” (Proc. Ent. Soc. of Philadelphia, vol. ii. pp. 328 
& 329), containing remarks on some of the species. The number of species 
recorded is 44 : namely, Papilio 7, IHeris 1, Colias 1, Danais 1, Argynnis 4, 
Terias 1, Melitcea 1, Vanessa 4, Grapta 2, Pyrameis 3, Nymphalis 2, Neonym- 
pha 2, Argus 1, Polyommatus 4, Theda 2, Hespen'ia 3, Nisoniades 2, Goniloba 
1, and Pamphila 2. 
Kirby (Ent. Annual, 1865, pp. 22-28) gives a list of several species of 
European Butterflies as a supplement to his ‘ Manual,’ and notices the larvae 
of others. 
Wallace’s paper read before the Linnean Society, “ On the phenomena of 
variation and geogTaphical distribution, as illustrated by the Papilionidce of 
the Malayan region,” is printed in abstract in Nat. Hist. Bev. 1864, pp. 459- 
467. 
Sauveur and Colbeau have commenced (Ann. Soc. Ent. 
Beige, tome vii. p. 53) an elaborate series of researches into what 
they call the normal variations of the wing in the Lepidoptera, 
this term being applied by them to those variations which occur 
with a certain degree of persistency in a considerable number of 
individuals of the same species. Their first memoir is devoted 
exclusively to the consideration of the variation in the colour 
and markings of the wings in Satyrus arcanius (Lin.); the 
different conditions of the fore and hind wings, both above and 
below, are described by them in detail, and represented in 
numerous figures on plate 2. 
Papilionides. 
G. & R. Felder, in the first portion of their Catalogue of Lepidoptera (Verb, 
zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien,xiv. pp. 289-377), register 533 species of Papilionides 
arranged under the genera Teinoprosopus, Leptocircus, Papilio (divided into 
75 sections characterized in the appendix), EuryadeSj Eurycus, Parnassius, 
Doritis, Thais, Sericinus, and Ilypermnestra. The genus Ornithoptera of Bois- 
duval is combined with Papilio ; Teinopalpus (Hope) is altered to Teinopros- 
opus, the former name being a hybrid compound. 
W. MacLeay states (Proc. Ent. Soc. N. S. W. 1863, p. xxii) that Papilio 
antinous (Don.) has been erroneously given by Doubleday and Westwood as a 
synonym of P. turnus. 
Hewitson figures Papilio mimicus (Ilopffer), Exot. Papilio, pi. 6. fig. 17. 
Bates (Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 2) describes the $ of Papilio numitor (Cram.). 
Lintner records the dates of appearance in New York, and describes the 
metamorphoses of the following species of this group (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, 
vol. iii.) : Papilio turnus, 1. c. p. 50 j P. astei'ias and P. troilus, 1. c. p. 51. 
Lucaa describes the geographical distribution of Papilio machaon, which is 
found, with some little variation, throughout the Old World, from Western 
Europe and North Africa to Pekin. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1864, p. v. 
Reakirt (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vol. iii.) describes numerous 
known species of Papilionides from the eastern hemisphere, and 
gives full synonymy and particulars of geographical distribution. 
