492 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Edwards has described the female of Aryynnis diana (Cram.), of which the 
male only was previously known. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vol. iii. p. 431. 
Bates (Journ. of Ent. ii. pp. 177-185) has some valuable obser- 
vations upon the classification and habits of the NymphaliruBy and 
on their distribution in the Valley of the Amazons. He includes 
the Morphidm and Eurytelidan in this subfamily, of which he 
has found about 160 species, belonging to 41 genera, in the 
Amazons region. Of these, 73 are referred to in the published 
portion of his paper. 
Known species, occurring in California, referred to by Behr (1. c.) are : 
Argynnu antithore (Boisd.) j MelitcBa palla (Boisd.) j M. chalcedon (Dbld.) ; 
M. anicia (Dhld.) j M. editha, (Boisd.). 
Melit(jea, Behr remarks (Proc. Cal. Acad. 1863, p. 92), on the 
geographical distribution of this genus, that it consists essen- 
tially of northern forms, and has its centre of abundance in the 
temperate zone. It possesses no antarctic species, and its 
southern limit nearly coincides with the tropic of Cancer. Of 
the types into which the genus may be divided, California pos- 
sesses two which are wanting to Europe, and Europe one (that 
of M. cinxia) which is absent in California. The Californian 
species are the giants of the genus, and further remarkable for 
the brightness of their coloration. The European and American 
species of the genus are all distinct, and even those occurring 
on the eastern and western sides of the American continent 
seem to be different. 
Trapp remarks upon the diflereut localities inhabited by MelitcBa artemis 
and M. merope, and especially upon the fact that Benteli was unable to rear 
the latter form in Berne from the caterpillars brought down from the high 
Alps, as evidence that the two insects belong to two distinct species. Mit- 
theil. Schw. ent. Ges. 1864, pp. 263, 264. 
Bates (/. c. p. 189) describes a local variety of Melitcea liriope (Cram.) 
under the name of M. pastazena ; it is from the banks of the Pastaza, in 
Eastern Ecuador. According to him, M. cocyta (Cram.) is identical with 
M. tharos from North America. 
Bates (/. c. p. 191) also describes the several varieties of Eresia eunice 
(Iliibn.), of which the female is identical with E. pella (Hewits.). The 
same author describes (p. 196) the two sexes of Eunica mygdonia (God.) and 
(p. 200) the male of E. scphonisha (Cram.), and also gives a description of 
the species figured by Doubleday and Hewitson under the name of Cata- 
gramma cynosura (1. c. p. 208). 
Edwards states with regard to Boisduval’s Melitcea pidchella from California, 
that it is probably one of the dark-coloured species described by Dr. Behr, 
but that it is impossible to decide which. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vol. ii. p. 504. 
MacLeay (Proc. Ent. Soc. N. S. W. p. xxvii) states that Charaxes caphmitis 
(Hewits.) is a native of the Fiji Islands, and not of Australia as stated by 
Hewitson. 
Seghers describes the development of the dwarf variety (idideSy Dahl) of 
