530 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Paraclius, Pelastoneurus, LyroneuruSj and Plagioneurus, Gym^ 
nopternm is but scantily represented in Europe. The species of 
Diaphorus are partly of European, partly of South- American types. 
Species common to Europe and North America are Dolichopus 
brevipennis (Mei^.), D. phimipfis (Scop.), p. discifer (Stann.), 
Scellus spinimanus (Zett.), and Psilopus p aliens (Wied.). Dia~ 
phorus opacus (Loew) is also possibly identical with D. nigricans 
(Meig.), and Xanthochlorus helvinus (Loew) with X. tenellus 
(Wied.). With regard to Psilopus pallens, however, Loew is of 
opinion that, as all the other known North- American species of 
this genus approach South-American types, it has probably been 
introduced into New York from the South of Em^ope. 
ScHiNER, J. R. Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen (Z)i/?^cra),nach 
der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Zweiter Theil. 
Vienna, 1864, pp. 658. 
In the second part of his gTcat work on the Diptera of Austria, 
published in 1864, Schiner commences with his second great 
section of the family MuscidcBj continues through the Phoridce, 
of which he makes a distinct family, to the numerous families 
of the great group Nematocera^ Latr., and concludes the order 
with the Pupiparous iwcniXie^Hippoboscidietindi Nycteribidce,\i\i\c\\ 
are thus placed at rather too great a distance from their un- 
questionable allies, the Muscidce and GEstridce. The whole of 
the European genera are characterized, as are all the species 
occurring in Germany, and under each genus is given a list of 
the European species not found in Germany. The whole work 
is arranged as a dichotomous table, with the detailed generic and 
specific descriptions interwoven, in the same manner as in 
RedtenbacheFs well-known work on the Austrian Beetles ; and 
there is also, at the commencement, a tabular synopsis of 
families, subfamilies, and genera, to facilitate reference to 
the body of the work. By these means the inconvenience ex- 
perienced in consulting many treatises tabularly arranged is 
entirely removed. The species of Diptera described in this 
volume are arranged in the following families : Miiscidce Acaly- 
pierce y including 156 -genera ; Phoridce, witli four genera ; 
Bibionidce, with seven genera ; Simulidcej with the single genus 
Simulia', Cecidomyidce, with fifteen genera; Mycetophilidcey 
with forty- five genera; RhyphidcCy with the single genus Rhy- 
phus ; Tipulidce, with thirty-nine genera ; Chironoinidoe , with 
seven genera ; Culicidcey with five genera ; Psychodidce, Avith six 
genera ; Hippoboscidce, with eight genera ; and Nyctenbidce, for 
Nycteribia alone. The genera Blepharicera (Macq.) , Macropeza 
(Meig.), Spodius (Loew), Pachynenra (Zett.), Corynocera (Zett.), 
Pixa (Meig.), and Orphnephiia (Hal.) are placed as genera 
incerlce sedis'* at the end of the Nematocerous families (pp. 
637-643). The total number of Austrian species (including 
