INSECTA. 
535 
(fig. 9) is evidently erroneous, the latter even having two distinct 
so-called discoidal veins springing from the cubital ! The applica- 
tion of the term cubital vein to tlie branch of the subcostal when 
only one is present also seems to be an error ; in the more com- 
plex wing the cubital is a branch of the radial, and the latter 
cannot well be supposed to be suppressed. The simplest course 
would be to regard the entire branch as forming a cubital vein 
enclosing one, two, or three cells, according to the extent to 
whicli the further ramification is carried. When the mediastinal 
vein is apparently deficient, S chine r regards it as united with 
the subcostal ; but in his figures he represents the space between 
this combined vein as the costal cell. It is evident that if the 
mediastinal vein is really combined with the subcostal, this cell 
must be the mediastinal. I 
Starting from the principles laid down in the paper just re- 
ferred to on the venation of the wing in the Diptera, Schiner 
proceeds in a second memoir to propose a new classification of 
this order {loc. cit. pp. 201-212). As his primary divisions he 
adopts the groups proposed by Brauer in his monograph of the 
(EstridcSj and divides the whole order into two primary sec- 
tions, the Diptera orthorhapha and D. cyclorhapha. The latter 
group includes those forms in wdiich the pupa is coarctate, and 
the perfect insect escapes by throwing off a sort of lid from one 
end of the dried larva-skin; in the former the pupa is some- 
times coarctate, but in all cases the larva-skin is slit longitu- 
dinally in the dorsal portion to give exit to the pupa or perfect 
insect. The further classification of the families is founded 
upon the structure of the antennae and proboscis and upon the 
character of the venation of the wings, as shown in the follow- 
ing Table : — 
I. DIPTERA ORTHORHAPHA. 
A. Nematoceua. 
1. Oligoneiira. 
Earn. : — Cecidomyidce. MycetophilidcB. Bimulidm. Bihionidm. 
2. Polyneura. 
Fam, : — ChironomidcR. Psychodidce> Culicidcs. TipididcB. Rhyphida. 
B. Brachycera. 
1. Cyclocera. 
Fam. : — Stratiomydce. XylophagidcB. Coenomyidce. Tabanidm. 
2. Orthocera. 
Fam. : — Kemestrinidce. Bomhylidce. Acroceridce. Scenophitda. Theremdca. 
Midasidce. AsHidfS. Leptidce. Empidce. Dolichopidcp.. 
II. DIPTERA CYCLORHAPHA. 
A. Proboscidea. 
1. Hypocera. 
Fam. : — Phorida:. 
