INSECTA. 
565 
II. Of the portable cases there are two types : — 
A. Flat, like a bivalve shell ; carried on the edge in walking, laid on the 
flat side during the pupa stage ; composed of sand-brains or vegetable par- 
ticles. Genus Ilydroptila. 
B. Elongate, tubular. 
a. Tube exactly square, constructed of evenly united fragments of 
alants laid transversely and parallel to each other. Genus unknown. 
b. Tube cylindrical. 
1. Oval, semitransparent, formed of a mucilaginous substance which 
s probably exuded. Genus unknown. 
2. Spirally twisted, formed of sand-grains, closed by a compact 
iperculum. Helicopsyche (still unknown). 
3. Cylindrical, much diminished behind, flat above, with projecting 
nargins at the sides and over the mouth, composed of sand-grains j fastened 
nouth downwards during the pupa stage. Genus Nats. 
4. Cylindrical, short, flat, of equal width, composed of small stones 
vith much larger stones on the two sides ,• lying flat for the transforpiation. 
lenus Trichostomum. 
5. Cylindrical, elongated, not much diminished behind, evenly built 
)f sand-grains ; placed perpendicularly during the pupa stage, and weighted 
it the foot with much larger stones. Genus Odontocerus. 
G. Cylindrical, elongated, diminished behind, gently curved, formed 
)f sand-grains ; attached for its whole lepgth to floating bodies during the 
)upa stage. Genus Mystacides. 
7. Cylindrical, straight, elongated, composed of uniform portions of 
eaves united longitudinally. Genus Trichostegia. 
8. Cylindrical, short, formed of transversely placed fragments of 
)lants, floating. Genus Chmiotaulim. 
9. Cylindrical, elongate, rather wide in proportion to the length, 
miform or a little narrowed behind, usually gently curved ; materials variable, 
Tleteropolpi of various genera ; Limnephilidce, according to Burmeister. 
10. Cylindrical, narrowed at both ends, formed of uniform sand- 
p'ains. Genus unlcnovm. 
Hagen subsequently (pp. 142-144 and 221-263) describes the 
^ases of Pliryganidse in bis collection in accordance with the 
irrangement of the perfect insects, interweaving with these 
lescriptions the notices of habitations of Phryganidse furnished 
)y other authors, and especially by Pictet. 
M'Lachlan (Ent. Ann. 1864, pp. 142-147) also refers to this 
subject, and indicates that the different forms of cases may be 
I’eferred to two classes, namely : — 
1. Case forming a complete tube round the body of the larva, often portable 
ind carried about by its inhabitant, or fixed by one end or other parts to 
4ones, &c. External form generally more or less tubular. The makers of 
.hese cases belong to the groups PhryganideSj Limnephilides, SericostomideSy 
TlydroptilideSy and Leptocerides. 
2. Case not forming a complete tube, but incomplete on that side by which 
