598 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
of Claparede. All the genera and species known to the author, 
fi-om his own observations or the writings of others, are cited, 
with bibliographical references, and their systematic position is, 
at the same time, displayed. New species are described, and 
new genera established, while a critical survey is taken of the 
whole family. 
Fritz Muller, in his illustrations of Darwin^s theory, chiefly 
selected from the Crustacea^ refers briefly to an Annelid from 
Besterro, and shows how, in the Serpuloids, the operculum may 
be formed from one of the branchial plumes, by a gradual, 
though direct, metamorphosis. 
In accordance with the views of Philippi, Baird would attach 
considerable value to the characters furnished by the modifica- 
tions of the operculum, as distinguishing the genera and species 
of SerpulidcB. This more especially applies to museum speci- 
paens, the shells of which will be found, in many cases, quite 
inadequate for purposes of systematic arrangement. 
Morch, who has paid particular attention to the VermetidcR^ 
adds some useful cautions on the same subject, and points out a 
number of curious analogies between the shelly tubes of these 
Mollusks and those of the Serpulidee. Morch gives a critical 
review of this family, describing one hundred and thirty-four 
species, of which several are new, and one new genus, Phrugma- 
topomaj Avhich would seem to represent Serpula among the family 
oi Hermellidce. His memoir does not allo’w* of condensation. 
Thus materials on all sides are being rapidly accumulated for 
a more precise terminology and nomenclatui’e of the higher 
Annelida, 
Remarks on known species and genera : — 
Kdlliker gives a list of thirteen Polychceta found in the Firth 
of Clyde, off the island of Cumbrae. 
Qlycera alba (R.) j *Myrianida fasdata (M.-E.) ; ^Psammathe fusca 
(Johnst.); Clmtopterus insignis (Baird) ; Aonis foliosa (Aud., Edw.); * Sphee- 
rodorum periiiatus (Gr.) ; Ophelia aulogaster (Gr.) j Travisia oestrioides (Gr.) j 
Siphonostomum diplochaitos ] *S. plumosum (Gr.) ; *Ammochares ottonis (Gr.) j 
*Phoronis hippocrepia (Strethill Wright) ; * Scalibregma injiatum (Rathke). 
The species marked thus (*) are briefly noticed with reference to anatomical 
and histological characters. 
In PhoTonis Kolliker recognized red blood-corpuscles within 
the vessels, as asserted by Dyster and others. Colourless cells, 
exhibiting amoeboid movements, together with yellowish 
granules, were also detected, but sparingly. At the hinder end 
of the body the dorsal and ventral vessels united with one 
another through numerous anastomoses. The entire surface of 
the animal, including the gills, was covered with cilia. 
