ANNELIDA. 603 
ahvong Europonn Annelids, including from 750-800 segments, and measuring 
65 centimetres long by 0-7 millimetres in breadth.) 
Fam. APHRODITlDiE. 
Pahnyra (jyalmyrides) portusveneris ; 1 . {palmyropsts) evelincp. Ehlers 
would probably place these with Clirysopetalum. 
OLTGOCHAETA. 
Ray Lankester’s essay on the anatomy of Lumbricus supplied 
a long-felt need in this department of zootomy. The author^s 
statements rest on his own observations, which, however, he 
seeks to compare with the results arrived at by d’Udekem, 
Hering, Claparede, Williams, and other investigators. In the 
present part the tegumentary, muscular, and digestive systems 
of the earth-worm are noticed. To these we shall direct atten- 
tion when we come, next year, to record the concluding portions 
of the same paper. 
HIRUDINEA. 
Baudelot describes the nervous system of Clepsine, which 
differs in some particulars from that of the medicinal leech. 
Ilis account scarcely admits of condensation. The ganglionic 
chain of Clepsine presents twenty-one principal pairs of centres, 
in addition to three larger masses — a cerebral, a sub-oesophageal, 
and a caudal. Each of the two last results from tlie fusion of at 
least seven of the ordinary pairs ; but the cerebral mass would 
seem to be the equivalent of one only. The lateral nerves 
which issue from the ganglia originate in such a manner as to 
call to mind the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerves 
among the Vertebrata. The peripheral extremities of these 
lateral nerves are connected with peculiar cellules to constitute 
a sort of plexus, which may possibly act the part of a visceral 
system. 
The valvular structures (Klappen) occurring within the dorsal 
vessel of Piscicola and Clepsine do not, according to Kupffer, 
Subserve a mere mechanical function, but are true blood-trans- 
forming organs. The account which Kupffer gives of these 
bodies by no means wholly accords with the previously published 
observations of Leo and Leydig. 
Van Beneden and Hesse devote a memoir to the marine 
Hirudinea of the Bretagne coast, a few Belgian species being 
incidentally noticed. M. Hesse, residing at Brest, drew up 
most of the descriptions of species on which the work is based. 
A few others were supplied by Van Beneden, who added much 
connecting matter, and undertook the general treatment of the 
Avhole. An introduction is prefixed, while critical accounts of 
