4 
ZOOLOGICAL LITEllATUllE. 
Owen, R. Memoir on the Gorilla {Tn'oylodytes gorillay Sav.). 
London, 1865. 4to. pp. 58, with 13 plates. 
This work includes the substance, or portions, of the author's 
publications on the Anthropoid Apes (nos. vi., vii., and viii.) 
printed in tlie fourth and fifth volumes of the Transactions of the 
Zoological Society, from which also the plates have been se- 
lected. 
Bianconi, C. G. G. La Teoria dell' Uomo-Scimmia esaminata 
sotto il rapporto della organizzazione. Bologna, 1864. 8vo. 
pp. 58, with a plate. 
[The tlieory of the Man-Ape examined with regard to 
structure.] 
The author examines the question of affinity between man and 
anthropoid apes. He denies that any such affinity exists, and 
maintains the distinction between Bimana and Qiiadrumana. 
Man is a creation by himself, entirely independent of that of the 
other animals. 
Nathusius, H. von. Vorstudien fur Geschichte und Zuchtder 
Hausthiere, zuniichst am Schweineschadel. Berlin, 1864. 
8vo. pp. 186. Atlas, with six plates, fol. 
[Preliminary Studies for the History and Breeding of Do- 
mestic animals ; first, the Skull of Pigs.] 
The object of the work is to fix the zoological characters of 
the various races of domestic animals. The author has com- 
menced with an examination of the skulls of varieties and spe- 
cies belonging to the genus Sus. He describes the skull of the 
Wild Boar in the various stages of development, and compares 
it with those of the domesticated breed and of the Indian Pig. 
The parents of the latter cannot have been identical with those 
of the European Pig, the two living races differing widely in the 
form of the os lacrymale. He shows that the form of the skull 
of the Wild Boar is much influenced by tlie general nutrition of 
the animal. After having described and compared various races 
and cross-breeds, he concludes with a critical synopsis of the 
wild species known. 
Walton, E. The Camel : its Anatomy, Proportions, and Paces. 
London, 1865. Fol. pp. 39, with numerous plates. 
The object of tliis magnificent work is to supply artists with 
representations of the entire animal in various jiositions and with 
the necessary anatomical detail. But it is of no less value to the 
zoologist. All the drawings and the dissections were executed 
by the author in the East. 19 plates are devoted to the oste- 
ology, 26 to myology, 3 to foot-prints, 22 to various positions of 
the entire animal, &c. The text consists of explanations of the 
plates. 
