20 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
always vertical or backwardly inclined; and that of the axis more or less 
bifid or trifid, cervical vertebra3 short; and cervical spines sometimes very 
produced — that is to say; the forms included in the family Ilominidce and in 
the subfamilies SimiincB and Nycticehince j the other main branch representing 
all the rest of the order, and possessing the characters attributed above to the 
Simiidce (other than the Simiince)^ the CehidcBj the Ha^palidce, and the Lc- 
mtiroideam common. 
The first main branch gives off a secondary one to represent the Nyctico- 
hincD, and then divides into three others for (1) Homo, (2) for Troylodytes 
and Simiaf and (3) for Ilylohates. The second main branch bifurcates, — its 
first division representing the Simiidce other than the Simiincd, together with 
the Cebidce and Hapalidce ; its second denoting the Lemuroidea other than 
the Nycticehince. From both the Semnopithecince and Cynopithecince Inuus 
and Oynocephahis distinguish themselves as separate twigs ; and Aides 
diverges from the Cebidce generally, and very interestingly parallels Ilylohates 
in its long cervical neural lamince, backwards inclined neural spines of 
trunk- vertebra3, largo transverse diameter of thorax, and slightly marked 
metapophyses and anapophyses. Mycetes and Layothrix also, with their 
marked hyperapophyses, and Chrysothrix, with its undivided caudal transverse 
processes, are also special forms. ' The genera Galago, Tarsias, and Cheiromys, 
with their rudimental cervical spines, diverge so much from the typical Le- 
murs that they might almost be represented as a distinct primary division of 
the second main branch, instead of a subdivision of that bifurcation which 
culminates in Lemur, and which gives oft’ a twig to represent Indris — a form, 
as wo have seen, almost, if not quite, as distinct amongst the Lemuroidea as 
Homo is amongst the Anthropoidea. 
^ Prof. Lucae has published the results of a detailed examina- 
tion of the osseous structure of the hand and foot of various 
races of man, of Anthropoid and other Apes, and of two Marsu- 
pials [Phalangista and Phascolarctos), Abliandl. Senck. ntrf. 
Ges. V. pp. 275-332. We cannot enter into the anatomical 
details of this treatise without reproducing a greater portion of 
it than is consistent with the object of this Record. The chief 
results arrived at by the author are, that the development of a 
thumb commences on the hind limb of certain Marsupials, that 
the hinder hand of the tailless as well as of the tailed Apes agrees 
anatomically and physiologically more with the human hand 
than with any other extremity of the limbs of Mammals, and, 
consequently, that the Quadrumana form a perfectly distinct 
order ; finally, that man only has a perfect hand and a perfect 
foot, with perfectly separate functions. This memoir, which 
must be consulted by every one who is engaged in the study of 
this subject, is illustrated by four plates. 
SiMIIDiE. 
^ Tn'oglodytes gorilla. Prof. Owen^s memoir On the external 
characters of the Gorilla,'’^ read before the Zoological Society in 
1859, has been published in the Transactions of the Society, 
vol, V. pp. 243-281', accompanied l)y seven ])latcs : — ■ 
