46 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATUllE. 
that it is rapidly decreasing in numbers in the European parts of Russia, 
but that it is still tolerably numerous in the plains between Don and Wolga, 
from the river Manitsch to 48° 42' N. lat. He describes its external cha>- 
racters in various stages of growth and age, its habits and treatment in 
captivity*. 
Cephalophus. Dr. Gray describes a new species, C, ImgicepSj from a skull 
received from the Gaboon, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 204. On this occasion he has 
examined various skulls of other species of this genus, and directs attention, 
among other points, especially to the different direction of the horns, which 
in some are nearly in a line -with the forehead (C. coronatus, C. sylvicultrix, 
C. ogilbyi^ C. natalensis, C. longiceps, C, altifrons), and in others are im- 
planted in a more ascending direction (C. grimmius, C. ocularis). 
4 Oryx leucoi'yx, fig. in Zoolog. Sketch, by Wolf and Sclater, vol. ii. 
'^apra megaeeros, fig. in Zoolog. Sketch, by Wolf and Sclater, vol. ii. 
Ovis tragelaphus, fig. in Zoolog. Sketch, by Wolf and Sclater, vol. ii. 
Bos taurus. Mr. E. R. Alston has published observations on the wild cattle 
at Oadzow (Lanarkshire). Zoologist, 1865, pp. 9514-9517. 
CETACEA. 
SiRENIA. 
A Manatus. Dr. J. E. Gray commences an examination of a 
series of skulls and skeletons of these Cetaceans by giving a 
history of the ostcological literature. lie shows that none of 
the ostcological characters hy which, for instance, Cuvier at- 
tempted to distinguish American skulls from African, or on 
which additional species have been founded hy succeeding 
authors, holds good, except the presence or absence of nasal 
bones, or rather their continuity or non- continuity with the 
frontals. He came to the conclusion that there is hut a single 
species on either side of the Atlantic ; that the species of each 
country varies in size and shape of the nasal cavity, in the 
length of the rostrum of the skull, and the angle at which it is 
bent in regard to the line of the palate, in size and form of the 
intermaxillary bones, and in the form and direction of the coro- 
noid process. However, Manatus americanus has distinct, 
thick, subcylindrical nasal bones, with a notch and groove in 
the froptals for their reception. M. senegalensis has no such 
notch in the front als ; and if the nasal bones are not entirely 
absent, they must be loose in the flesh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist. 1865, XV. pp. 130-139. 
Cete. 
> Dr. J. E. Gray has published a paper on Cetaceans from the 
Cape of Good Hope. After a preliminary notice of them (Proc. 
* Directors of Zoological Gardens will be glad to be informed that the 
author recommends Hr. Wilhelm Riickbeil in Sarepta (Gouvernement 
Saratofi') as the person from whom living specimens may be obtained. 
